Nat Commun:ctDNA检测有助于预测药物对乳腺癌患者的有效性

2018-03-11 M记 生物探索

循环肿瘤DNA(ctDNA)是肿瘤活检的一种替代指标,可用于评估驱动基因突变,如肺癌中的EGFR,还可以评估多发转移患者的克隆演变。目前多是用于癌症早期筛查研究。最新一项研究发现,ctDNA检测可以预测激素受体阳性、her2阴性乳腺癌患者对CDK4/6抑制剂palbociclib 的反应。

循环肿瘤DNA(ctDNA)是肿瘤活检的一种替代指标,可用于评估驱动基因突变,如肺癌中的EGFR,还可以评估多发转移患者的克隆演变。目前多是用于癌症早期筛查研究。最新一项研究发现,ctDNA检测可以预测激素受体阳性、her2阴性乳腺癌患者对CDK4/6抑制剂palbociclib 的反应。

早前的研究数据证明,在治疗的早期阶段,ctDNA可以用来预测肿瘤的治疗结果,然后通过成像的常规手段或临床症状或体征的改变来评估肿瘤反应。这些研究表明,早期的ctDNA可能允许对治疗效果进行实时、个体化的评估,从而允许治疗适应性改变,使得早期转换远离无效的治疗,或者在早期鉴定为抗性的组中增加进一步治疗治疗。然而,并没有大规模的的III期临床数据,可以确定ctDNA在评估对靶向治疗反应的临床有效性。

为此,研究人员对患有雌激素受体阳性乳腺癌的女性患者进行了测试,这些人是最常见的乳腺癌患者,她们参加了一项针对晚期乳腺癌的palbociclib药物的临床试验。这项最新研究3月1日发表在《Nature Communications》杂志上。

据了解,2017年11月,palbociclib被批准用于英国国家医疗服务系统(NHS),这是为那些之前未经治疗的晚期乳腺癌患者提供的。

目前,女性必须等待两到三个月才能通过扫描发现palbociclib是否有效。相反,新的血液检测方法是寻找循环肿瘤DNA片段,这些DNA片段是由进入血液的癌症所释放出。在这些样本中可以检测到与癌症相关的DNA突变。

研究人员在第1至15天的治疗过程中连续收集患者血液样本,用于分析ctDNA水平变化及预测能力。在参加研究的521例患者中,其中455例血液样本被成功用于ddPCR检测分析PIK3CA 突变情况。分析发现,有100例患者发生PIK3CA突变,通过比较治疗开始时与治疗15天后血液中检测到的PIK3CA突变的ctDNA量。对73名患者进行了15天的配对样本,其中52人接受了palbociclib。被分配palbociclib + fulvestrant的患者的PIK3CA CDR15比fulvestrant加安慰剂更低,这表明ctDNA含量更大。所有52名接受palbociclib的患者都有CDR15 <1,提示ctDNA下降。

在这些女性中,研究人员发现,那些在15天内PIK3CActDNA下降较少的患者,中位无进展生存期(患者存活期和癌症没有恶化的时间)仅为4.1个月,而PIK3CActDNA大幅下降的女性患者的中位无进展生存期为11.2个月。


Nicholas Turner

“Palbociclib是一种新型药物,它可以延缓晚期乳腺癌患者癌症进展,但并不是对每个人都有效。问题是,我们必须等待两到三个月,然后才能进行扫描,看看治疗是否有效,”伦敦癌症研究所资深作者兼分子肿瘤学教授、皇家马斯登NHS基金会信托基金顾问医学肿瘤学家Nicholas Turner教授说到, “我们的新研究发现,在治疗的前两周对血液中的DNA进行血液检测,可以确定药物是否有效。尽早指出治疗的可能性可能会使我们改变治疗方法,患者可以接受更可能有益于他们的替代药物。”

“令人兴奋的是,随着诊断技术的进步,例如ctDNA的检测,我们可以更准确地定义患者群体,并帮助我们更快地为正确的患者提供正确的治疗。这项研究提供了早期的证据,可以帮助我们更早地了解一种药物治疗乳腺癌的效果。如果药物没有效果,我们可以停止使用,并采取更好的方法。”MRC分子和细胞医学负责人Nathan Richardson博士说。

伦敦癌症研究所和皇家马斯登NHS基金会信托基金会的科学家们表示,在临床使用之前需要进一步验证这些结果。
原始出处:
Nicholas C. Turner,Ben O’Leary,Sarah Hrebien.et al.Early circulating tumor DNA dynamics and clonal selection with palbociclib and fulvestrant for breast cancer.Nature Communications.Published online:01 March 2018

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    2018-10-08 liye789132251
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    2018-08-26 liuli5079
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    2018-03-11 131****1460

    学习了受益匪浅

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    2018-03-11 1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称)

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