JNER:机器人辅助水平对接受辅助机器人康复的中风患者上肢功能的影响,一项随机临床试验的分析

2022-03-21 网络 网络

上肢偏瘫(UE)是住院中风幸存者中最常见的情况之一,影响到三分之二的人群。UE的偏瘫会导致手臂和手的功能受损,从而对中风幸存者的日常活动产生负面影响。康复治疗是提高脑卒中患者运动技能和生存质量的基础。

上肢偏瘫(UE)是住院中风幸存者中最常见的情况之一,影响到三分之二的人群。UE的偏瘫会导致手臂和手的功能受损,从而对中风幸存者的日常活动产生负面影响。康复治疗是提高脑卒中患者运动技能和生存质量的基础。此外,重复训练是促进中风恢复的有效方法,并有助于神经网络的重建。在中风康复中,临床医生广泛使用机器人,因为它们允许用户一致且精确地执行重复动作。机器人疗法通过向上肢提供机械辅助,使患者能够进行自愿运动的重复训练,因为上肢由于中风后遗症而很难自动移动。在中风康复中,“主动辅助训练”是一种传统方法,已在许多临床环境中使用。在中风患者的机器人治疗方面,美国心脏/中风协会规定的指南对中风幸存者的轻瘫治疗有效。然而,与传统康复相比,机器人治疗是否能产生更好的UE恢复尚不清楚。此外,之前的一项随机对照试验(RCT)显示,在中风幸存者的UE功能改善方面,传统康复和机器人治疗没有显著差异。

尚不清楚积极的康复结果是否与为中风幸存者提供的机器人协助水平相关,以完成UE自愿运动训练。因此,这项探索性研究的目的是检验机器人辅助水平的影响趋势,以便为未来的前瞻性对照试验得出数据。在本文中,我们将“机器人辅助水平”定义为“机器人在进行主动辅助运动时产生的身体支持量”。“机器人治疗”被定义为一种使用机器人辅助的治疗,以改善不同程度UE瘫痪的中风患者受影响的UE功能。本文发表在《J NeuroEngineering Rehabil》。

分析了30名患有轻度至重度UE偏瘫的亚急性中风幸存者的数据,他们在之前的随机临床试验中被随机分配到机器人治疗(使用ReoGo系统)组。根据训练结果(每个中风患者在训练期间使用的五种机器人辅助模式的百分比)进行聚类分析。患者分为两组:高机器人辅助组和低机器人辅助组。此外,根据UE功能损害的严重程度,这两组被分为以下几类:中度至轻度[Fugl-Meyer评估(FMA)评分 ≥ 30]和重度至中度(FMA < 30). 使用FMA、FMA近端、Wolf运动功能测试(WMFT)中的表现时间和WMFT中的功能评估量表(FAS)评估结果。分析两组每个班级的成绩。以机器人协助水平和UE功能严重程度为解释因素,以干预前后各结果的变化为客观因素,进行双向方差分析(ANOVA)。

使用ReoGo上肢康复装置的机器人辅助自我训练

两个中风幸存者组中受影响UE的功能改善:一组为重度至中度UE偏瘫;另一组为中度至轻度偏瘫。分析了两组(干预组接受“相当多”的机器人协助,控制组接受“最小”的机器人协助)的结果。由重度至中度卒中(FMA)的卒中幸存者组成的干预组 < 30)在UE偏瘫和性能方面(使用FMA近端、WMFT-PT和WMFT-FAS进行测量)比同等严重UE情况下的对照组有更显著的改善。有趣的是,中度至轻度中风严重程度(FMA)的中风幸存者 ≥ 30)与干预组相比,对照组的UE偏瘫和UE表现显著改善。为了最大限度地改善亚急性中风幸存者受影响的UE功能,重度至中度瘫痪患者可能需要增加机器人辅助,中度至轻度瘫痪患者可能需要减少机器人辅助,以尽可能提高自主运动的表现。

两个不同聚类的树状图

根据目前和以前的研究结果,在机器人治疗期间,考虑到患有UE截瘫的中风幸存者可以进行的自愿运动水平,应鼓励采用必要的方法实施机器人辅助。然而,很少有研究调查不同水平的机器人协助对UE功能恢复的影响。虽然手和手指恢复的主要结果(使用方块和方块测试进行测量)没有显著差异,但在外骨骼机器人的更高协助水平下,侧向挤压强度和UE(肩/肘/前臂)功能(基于FMA)的次要结果似乎显著改善。该研究还报告,病情更严重的受试者患手功能的改善程度更大。重度至中度UE损伤的中风幸存者可以通过增加机器人协助的数量来降低错误发生的风险。

未来需要进行使用最先进的机器人设备并评估更大样本量的随机对照试验,以研究机器人协助的水平和方法如何影响UE功能的改善。

Takebayashi, T., Takahashi, K., Okita, Y. et al. Impact of the robotic-assistance level on upper extremity function in stroke patients receiving adjunct robotic rehabilitation: sub-analysis of a randomized clinical trial. J NeuroEngineering Rehabil 19, 25 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12984-022-00986-9

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    2022-03-21 ms1000001920226686

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