Stem Cell Res Ther:慢性瘙痒治疗的新思路:Muse细胞

2022-01-08 医路坦克 MedSci原创

瘙痒是许多全身和皮肤病的常见症状。我们的研究表明,MUSE细胞可以减轻慢性瘙痒皮肤损伤,减轻恼人的抓挠行为,并抑制脊髓背角胶质细胞的激活。

     瘙痒是许多全身和皮肤病的常见症状。AD是一种复杂的炎症性皮肤病,其特征是表皮屏障功能障碍和免疫调节失调。AD有几种治疗方法,如局部抗炎治疗、屏障修复、维持治疗和口服Janus激酶(JAK)抑制剂。这些疗法只能暂时缓解症状,而且在长期治疗过程中也会产生副作用。因此,迫切需要开发安全有效的AD治疗方法。

     间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)是来源于基质的非造血祖细胞。近年来,MSC治疗的免疫调节作用已在动物模型中得到证实,该治疗可通过抑制T细胞和B细胞的活化来改善临床症状。MSC介导的免疫调节可用于治疗皮肤炎症性疾病。在以干细胞为基础的治疗中,仍有一些重要的问题需要考虑。骨髓间充质干细胞是包含多种亚型的混合细胞群。研究人员仍然不清楚哪种类型的细胞具有治疗作用。因此,很难建立符合临床治疗标准的MSC治疗指南。在反复贴壁培养过程中,MSCs自发分化,经过多次传代后,MSCs的趋化因子、细胞因子和受体发生改变。此外,移植干细胞的数量、细胞制备的预处理、有效的治疗方法以及频率管理也需要考虑。由于这些限制,骨髓间充质干细胞不适合作为长期治疗。因此,获得安全稳定的细胞是推动AD干细胞治疗研究临床转化的关键。

    多向分化应激耐受(MUSE)细胞是在骨髓间充质干细胞中发现的一种新型多能干细胞,约占骨髓间充质干细胞的1%~2%。MUSE细胞具有稳定的特性,在悬浮液中形成单个细胞来源的簇,并保持单一的形态。MUSE细胞是一种内源性多能干细胞,具有抗应激和不致瘤的特性,可以自发分化成多种细胞类型,以取代受损细胞并介导组织修复。此外,MUSE细胞还有另一个重要而独特的特征:异体和异种缪斯细胞在给药后不需要免疫抑制治疗即可逃避宿主免疫排斥反应。基于这些独特的特性,静脉注射同种异体MUSE细胞已经广泛应用于临床试验。目前,对缪斯细胞的研究主要集中在其分化能力上,这被认为是干细胞治疗的一个新的发展方向。然而,MUSE细胞对AD的治疗效果尚未见报道。因此,我们检测了MUSE细胞的止痒能力,为临床治疗慢性瘙痒提供了新的方向。

    方法:采用8h长期胰蛋白酶孵育(LTT)的方法从人骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)中分离小鼠MUSE细胞。重复使用2,4-二硝基氟苯(DNFB)诱导小鼠特应性皮炎(AD)模型。采用免疫荧光、行为记录、图像分析等方法评价小鼠皮下注射Muse细胞的疗效。实时定量聚合酶链反应(QPCR)检测炎症因子的表达。体外创面愈合和细胞增殖实验检测Muse细胞上清液对角质形成细胞的影响。

    结果:小鼠AD模型诱导后皮下注射Muse细胞可明显减轻小鼠的抓挠行为。对皮炎的评估和颈部受损皮肤的照片显示,Muse细胞减轻了皮炎,在修复受损皮肤方面发挥了积极作用。注射Muse细胞后,脊髓胶质细胞的活化程度和抓挠行为也明显降低。此外,我们还发现MUSE细胞抑制了炎症因子IL-6、IL-17α和IL-33在脊髓和皮肤中的表达。此外,MUS细胞不仅对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的人HaCat细胞具有抗炎作用,而且还能促进伤口愈合和角质形成细胞的增殖。

    综上所述,我们的研究表明,MUSE细胞可以减轻慢性瘙痒皮肤损伤,减轻恼人的抓挠行为,并抑制脊髓背角胶质细胞的激活。虽然对其具体作用机制尚未深入研究,但MUSE细胞仍是治疗慢性瘙痒的一种新思路和新方法。

 

文献来源: Fei W,  Wu J,  Gao M, Multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring cells alleviate atopic dermatitis-associated behaviors in mice,Stem Cell Res Ther 2021 Dec 20;12(1)

 

 

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    2022-08-28 晓辰
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    2022-07-11 维他命
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    2022-01-10 listen318
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