预防、处理医疗纠纷 中日友好医院有绝招

2018-09-08 郝兰兰 健康界

2013年以来,全国医疗纠纷总量累计下降20.1%,涉医案件累计下降41.1%;目前,超过85%的二级以上医院设立投诉专门管理部门,通过人民调解等方式,调解成功率达85%以上……9月7日,健康界从国家卫健委举行的例行新闻发布会上获悉,我国已有超过11万家医疗机构参加了医疗责任保险。医疗纠纷和涉医违法犯罪持续下降,医疗纠纷多元化化解机制已经形成,医疗风险分担机制基本建立,正如国家卫健委医政医管局副

2013年以来,全国医疗纠纷总量累计下降20.1%,涉医案件累计下降41.1%;目前,超过85%的二级以上医院设立投诉专门管理部门,通过人民调解等方式,调解成功率达85%以上……9月7日,健康界从国家卫健委举行的例行新闻发布会上获悉,我国已有超过11万家医疗机构参加了医疗责任保险。

医疗纠纷和涉医违法犯罪持续下降,医疗纠纷多元化化解机制已经形成,医疗风险分担机制基本建立,正如国家卫健委医政医管局副局长郭燕红所言,“医患关系主流是好的。”将做法与经验上升为法律规范,《医疗纠纷预防和处理条例》已于近日正式出台。

在清华大学法学院院长申卫星看来,《医疗纠纷预防和处理条例》首先将“预防”的理念纳入其中,并且明确了以人民调解为主渠道的多元化解决方案。“医疗损害鉴定坚持同行评议的原则、医疗风险分担机制的建立、统一赔偿标准等,都是《条例》的创新之处。”

如何将《条例》中的亮点举措落到实处?中日友好医院的经验值得借鉴。

预防

医疗是一个高风险且充满未知性的行业,如何从源头上减少医疗纠纷,中日友好医院从畅通医患沟通渠道、加强医疗质量安全管理等方面入手,实现关口前移。

自2014年开始,中日友好医院开展重大手术知情告知见证工作。重大手术前,科室会通知医务处参加术前谈话,患者及相关直系家属到场参加,共同听取患者病情、替代医疗方案、手术方式、手术风险、术前准备情况及预案、费用等。中日友好医院对这一工作效果评估发现,参与见证的500多个病例中,无一例发生医疗纠纷。

医患之间产生纠纷的另一个起因是患者在住院期间发生意外。杜绝这一现象,中日友好医院将加强医疗风险评估与控制作为一项重点工作。从患者住院开始,医院便对患者进行跌倒、坠床等风险评估,标注风险级别,并对患者做好宣教提醒和防范工作。

据中日友好医院院长孙阳介绍,围手术期是患者安全容易出现问题的高风险环节之一,“很多医疗纠纷就是围手术期管理不到位所致。”孙阳举例说道,例如患者术前存在高龄、高血压糖尿病等其他基础疾病或高危因素,是否耐受手术,需要对患者进行手术风险评估。

此外,静脉血栓栓塞症评估同样重要。对于高危患者需要采取干预措施,以防止围手术期发生肺栓塞、脑梗、心梗等意外事件。

为避免治疗过程中出现差错,中日友好医院执行手术医师、麻醉医师和手术室医师三方手术安全核查,分别在麻醉实施前、手术开始前和患者离开手术前,共同对患者身份和手术部位等进行核查。医务处负责加强抽查考核力度,并将其纳入质控管理,并与绩效挂钩。

与此同时,医务处需加强重点指标质控考核,例如18项核心制度落实情况、抗生素使用情况、低风险死亡、非计划再手术、投诉与纠纷等,考核结果与日常质控绩效挂钩。

严格落实医疗服务质量各项举措的同时,中日友好医院加强患者安全不良事件报告与管理,通过医务人员上报等途径,及时发现隐患,提前介入处理。2011年,该院建立了不良事件报告制度及医院内部直报系统,整合医疗、护理、药学、输血、医工、后勤等各类事件,统一上报平台。2017年医院再次完善报告制度,并建立新的内部报告系统,年报告数量1000余件。2018年年报告数量达1500多件。

中日友好医院每年会对新员工、住院医、进修医、护士、研究生等开展专项培训,以提高医务人员的风险防范意识。医院还加强了院内急救体系建设,提高突发急症患者抢救成功率,特别建设围手术期患者心电监护异常报警及反应能力

处理

加强医疗纠纷预防体系建设的同时,中日友好医院在医疗纠纷处理方面,建立了多途径解决体系。“我任院长以后,亲自批示投诉、信访案件,每月查看投诉/纠纷记录,将投诉和纠纷纳入考核。”孙阳说,医院医疗委员会要进行医疗纠纷内部讨论、分析、定责。此外,医院建立法律顾问制度,部分案件律师及时参与医疗纠纷处理,依法依规处理医疗纠纷,以维护医患双方合法权益。

借助平安医院建设工程,中日友好医院建立了医疗纠纷处理台账,以掌握每件纠纷的处理进展情况,重点案件重点跟进。医院同时加强重点区域安防能力建设,门诊护士站及诊室、住院护士站安装一键报警装置,保证保安3分钟之内到场。

目前,中日友好医院建立起了多元化医疗纠纷处理机制,除了院内协商、医调委调解、法院诉讼外,第三方调解机构也会参与诉前调解。对于与处理医疗纠纷相关的病历书写与管理、临床医疗技术应用、患者安全管理等内容,医院同样进行了严格规定。

以中日友好医院为代表,即便医院采取各种举措,仍然很难完全杜绝发生医疗纠纷。纠纷产生时,风险分担机制的建立,便显得尤为重要。正如申卫星所言,国外医疗纠纷的风险分担主体是行业协会与保险机构,但我国医疗责任承担主体是医疗机构,医疗风险分担主体还需完善,医疗责任险与医疗意外险的推进力度亟待加强。

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    2018-09-10 ewsr5
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    2018-09-09 1209e435m98(暂无昵称)

    学习了,谢谢分享

    0

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    2018-09-09 飛歌

    学习了很不错

    0

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    2018-09-08 lofter

    学习了感谢分享

    0

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    2018-09-08 lofter

    学习了感谢分享

    0

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