2017年诺贝尔奖生理学奖公布!昼夜节律研究成果获得殊荣!

2017-10-02 发展导报(太原) 发展导报(太原)

 2017年诺贝奖生理学奖授予Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash 和 Michael W. Young,因为他们发现了昼夜节律的分子机制。昼夜节律是指生命活动以24小时左右为周期的变动。除了调节疲劳和清醒程度,这种内部的生物钟协调着发生在身体里的数百种细胞活动,如皮质醇的释放和体温(或血压)的起伏波动。美国俄亥俄州立大学韦克斯纳医学中心神经科学系的教授和系主

2017年诺贝奖生理学奖授予Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash 和 Michael W. Young,因为他们发现了昼夜节律的分子机制。

昼夜节律是指生命活动以24小时左右为周期的变动。除了调节疲劳和清醒程度,这种内部的生物钟协调着发生在身体里的数百种细胞活动,如皮质醇的释放和体温(或血压)的起伏波动。

美国俄亥俄州立大学韦克斯纳医学中心神经科学系的教授和系主任兰迪·纳尔逊博士说:“如果你认为身体里的所有分子、细胞和生理过程像管弦乐队那样运转时,那么生物钟就相当于是首席指挥家,它能确保睡眠、激素分泌、代谢、体温和免疫系统按部就班地工作。”

美国有关媒体近日盘点了关于昼夜节律10个方面的知识。

一、相差一个小时就会让你感觉不爽

美国西北纪念医院睡眠障碍中心的主任菲利斯·泽兰博士认为:大多数人的身体在一天内只能调整 1个小时的昼夜节律变动。然而,有时候,这1个小时对于某些人来说也是过多而难以处理。研究发现:在从周末到工作日跳跃的周一这一天里,人们心脏病发作和出现交通事故的可能性都会增高。

二、时差扰乱生理功能不足为奇

如果仅仅是60分钟的昼夜节律差异就让你感觉不爽,你就可以想象跨越时区的几个小时旅行对身体的生理层面和精神层面影响有多大了。当身体快活地按照自己的生物钟运行时,突然间不得不快速按照一个新的生物钟来运转,就会发生时差反应。

三、每个人的昼夜节律都不一样

大部分人会在相似的时间框架内过日子:早上醒来,晚上睡觉。这就解释了倒班工作为什么令人烦恼,因为它违背了身体的自然节奏。然而,人群中也会有一些变异,有些人是早起的云雀,有些人是喜欢熬夜和睡过头的猫头鹰。青少年习惯于晚睡晚起,但随着年龄的增长,老年人会逐渐转向早起早睡的生活模式。

四、女人更有可能是云雀型的昼夜节律

美国布莱根妇女医院的研究者在 2013年发现:女人的生物钟要比男人快 6分钟,这就意味着她们醒来的比男人早,优质睡眠时间也不够充足。

五、光线能造成很大的差异

明亮的光线,无论是自然的阳光还是智能手机发射的蓝光,会引发一连串的反应。美国托马斯杰斐逊大学的神经学教授和光研究项目的主任乔治·布雷纳德认为:大脑在中枢层面上控制着昼夜节律。一旦光线进入眼睛,就会刺激视网膜,向下丘脑发出信号。下丘脑中的两个小核是人体内部生物钟的重要组成部分。它们在整个神经系统和人体中发送有关光线、昏暗和生物时间的信息。这一过程能让人们在白天保持警觉清醒和夜间入睡。眼睛中的受体对短波长的光线(既包括阳光,也包括电子设备发射出来的蓝光)最为敏感,因此入睡前看电子设备会扰乱睡眠、情绪和代谢。

六、平衡昼夜节律,尝试回归古人接触光线的方式

它是确保你在就寝和睡眠过程中保持最大程度的黑暗,而在白天接触到大量的自然、明亮的光照。为达到这个目标,你需要把卧室的光线调暗,每天中午外出散步20—30分钟,这样就有助于昼夜节律步入正轨。

七、锻炼可以在一定程度上影响昼夜节律

锻炼也有最优时间段。研究者发现下午锻炼的小鼠其生物钟更为稳健。运动生理学家建议人们不要在就寝前锻炼,因为体力活动会增加心率和皮质醇的反应,使人难以入睡。如果你不习惯于在白天锻炼,也应当在入睡前3个小时锻炼。

八、你可能有轻微的季节性情感障碍

当白天开始变短时,就会出现季节性情感障碍,科学家认为光照时间的减少是其原因。光照能增加大脑中的血清素含量,这种化学物质能改善情绪。有 20%—25%的人会体验到亚临床的季节性情感障碍,这就意味着他们更容易感到劳累、不那么高兴、体重适度增加,希望多睡 1—2个小时。光疗法和上午到户外散步是治疗季节性情感障碍的有效方法。

九、下午时段的精神萎靡与昼夜节律有关

每天下午2—4时之间,大多数人会进入精力低潮期。这是因为昼夜节律在起床后8个小时会进入低谷状态,这就造成了嗜睡和工作效率下降,因为身体要准备休息了。一些专家倡导人们打盹半个小时来振奋精神。

十、遵循昼夜节律能提高免疫

2016年对 276名参与者开展的研究发现:上午注射流感疫苗更为有效,9—11点接种的人其体内生成了更多的抗体,这是因为昼夜节律让免疫反应在上午最强,它是进化选择的结果。

昼夜节律相关的拓展阅读:
生物钟相关的拓展阅读:

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    2017-10-05 1e2332e9m29(暂无匿称)

    向科学家致敬

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1752780, encodeId=7f361e527806a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=09736951388' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#生理学#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=69513, encryptionId=09736951388, topicName=生理学)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=1b3136571640, createdName=chenzhuanggui, createdTime=Wed Sep 05 03:55:00 CST 2018, time=2018-09-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1898454, encodeId=3ab0189845432, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0bdfe3394a4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#研究成果#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73394, encryptionId=0bdfe3394a4, topicName=研究成果)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=84fb152, createdName=xiongliangxl, createdTime=Sun Jan 14 15:55:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=250602, encodeId=2ac62506021a, content=向科学家致敬, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c7052030458, createdName=1e2332e9m29(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Oct 05 18:48:14 CST 2017, time=2017-10-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=249920, encodeId=fa89249920a8, content=非常好的文章.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7LIiaRZTzJ3SEfiauCzTMPW7YvPPYLNJBXG9oh6Al1icq2VQQkIHWxqXehcicTS62YKJVBhxeth3wggw/0, createdBy=7ce01621306, createdName=天涯183, createdTime=Tue Oct 03 07:37:31 CST 2017, time=2017-10-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=249868, encodeId=99a624986806, content=羡慕啊.生物钟, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/09/07/a9772c74ffd6edc03a7f9af07b4747f6.jpg, createdBy=b3722138742, createdName=sunfeifeiyang, createdTime=Tue Oct 03 06:51:42 CST 2017, time=2017-10-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=249792, encodeId=4666249e928e, content=好自己好资料学习了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=92191944782, createdName=thlabcde, createdTime=Mon Oct 02 21:35:05 CST 2017, time=2017-10-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=249746, encodeId=21b5249e467e, content=henhao, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NcXNhUvfhzd2VdicMnaLeK2Im5gKx4Ucxd8Bwu6S7RG0uILBFQx5HTW2bU4VricDYlQqN20ibASSMYAeGrZrrTpy2Q/0, createdBy=353a2047758, createdName=137****9095, createdTime=Mon Oct 02 20:30:50 CST 2017, time=2017-10-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-10-03 天涯183

    非常好的文章.学习了

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1752780, encodeId=7f361e527806a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=09736951388' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#生理学#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=69513, encryptionId=09736951388, topicName=生理学)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=1b3136571640, createdName=chenzhuanggui, createdTime=Wed Sep 05 03:55:00 CST 2018, time=2018-09-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1898454, encodeId=3ab0189845432, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0bdfe3394a4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#研究成果#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73394, encryptionId=0bdfe3394a4, topicName=研究成果)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=84fb152, createdName=xiongliangxl, createdTime=Sun Jan 14 15:55:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=250602, encodeId=2ac62506021a, content=向科学家致敬, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c7052030458, createdName=1e2332e9m29(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Oct 05 18:48:14 CST 2017, time=2017-10-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=249920, encodeId=fa89249920a8, content=非常好的文章.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7LIiaRZTzJ3SEfiauCzTMPW7YvPPYLNJBXG9oh6Al1icq2VQQkIHWxqXehcicTS62YKJVBhxeth3wggw/0, createdBy=7ce01621306, createdName=天涯183, createdTime=Tue Oct 03 07:37:31 CST 2017, time=2017-10-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=249868, encodeId=99a624986806, content=羡慕啊.生物钟, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/09/07/a9772c74ffd6edc03a7f9af07b4747f6.jpg, createdBy=b3722138742, createdName=sunfeifeiyang, createdTime=Tue Oct 03 06:51:42 CST 2017, time=2017-10-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=249792, encodeId=4666249e928e, content=好自己好资料学习了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=92191944782, createdName=thlabcde, createdTime=Mon Oct 02 21:35:05 CST 2017, time=2017-10-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=249746, encodeId=21b5249e467e, content=henhao, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NcXNhUvfhzd2VdicMnaLeK2Im5gKx4Ucxd8Bwu6S7RG0uILBFQx5HTW2bU4VricDYlQqN20ibASSMYAeGrZrrTpy2Q/0, createdBy=353a2047758, createdName=137****9095, createdTime=Mon Oct 02 20:30:50 CST 2017, time=2017-10-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-10-03 sunfeifeiyang

    羡慕啊.生物钟

    0

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    2017-10-02 thlabcde

    好自己好资料学习了!

    0

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    2017-10-02 137****9095

    henhao

    0