蒸桑拿减肥证据来了!华东师范登顶Cell封面,热疗减肥机制弄明白了

2022-03-26 Wind MedSci原创

Cell: 除寒冷刺激,米色脂肪可通过热休克转录因子1感应局部温和热效应并激活产热,能安全有效地抵抗和治疗肥胖,并改善胰岛素抵抗和肝脏脂质沉积等代谢紊乱问题。

随着经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高,肥胖现象越来越普遍。据世界卫生组织统计,自1975年以来,世界肥胖人数已增长近三倍。2016年,全球18岁及以上的成年人中逾6.5亿人肥胖,占比13%。

肥胖是可损害健康的过量脂肪累积,对人的危害不可小觑,通常会导致代谢紊乱和代谢疾病的易感性,包括2型糖尿病、肝脂肪变性和心血管疾病。

作为具有多效性功能的内分泌器官,脂肪组织根据其解剖位置和代谢功能分为白色、棕色和米色脂肪。其中,白色脂肪负责储存多余的热能,棕色脂肪是可燃烧脂肪能转变为热量。而米色脂肪(Beige fat)是一类最新发现的脂肪,其静息时表现出白色脂肪的特质,而在寒冷或β肾上腺素激活等情况下,便具有棕色化潜力,能促进产热和能量消耗。然而,米色脂肪激活的详细机制和安全策略尚不清楚。

2022年3月4日,华东师范大学生命科学学院肥胖与代谢性疾病课题组马欣然、徐凌燕研究员,联合上海交通大学附属第六人民医院代谢病遗传学课题组胡承教授,以及华东师范大学生命科学学院生物质纳米材料课题组张强研究员联合在Cell期刊,发表了题为Local hyperthermia therapy induces browning of white fat and treats obesity的研究性论文。

研究发现,除寒冷刺激,米色脂肪可通过热休克转录因子1(heat shock factor1,HSF1)感应局部温和热效应并激活产热,能安全有效地抵抗和治疗肥胖,并改善胰岛素抵抗和肝脏脂质沉积等代谢紊乱问题。

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图源:Cell

首先,研究人员将目光聚焦于热疗法。作为一种治疗手段,热疗法由来已久。中国古人早已使用药物熏蒸、艾炙、火罐等方法治疗疾病,热疗技术更是具有广泛的临床应用。近年来,桑拿、热瑜伽、热水浴等热疗法也已被证明能在一定程度上改善代谢。然而,全身的热疗可能会增加神经系统与心血管疾病风险。

那么,米色脂肪是否参与热疗带来的代谢获益?

为解决以上问题,研究通过构建体内体外局部热疗模型来安全、有效地激活米色脂肪。在体外,将脂肪细胞置于两个小时的热环境。在体内,向小鼠双侧腹股沟白色脂肪组织中皮下注射了由聚多巴胺纳米颗粒构成的光热水凝胶(PDA)。这种水凝胶受到红外光照射时,能按照目标温度精准升温,从而实现米色脂肪在温和温度下(41±0.5℃)高效的局部热疗。这些体外和体内数据表明,局部热疗以细胞自主方式促进米色脂肪细胞中的产热和棕色基因程序。

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接下来,研究者探索了慢性局部热疗对代谢性能的长期影响。建立了双侧局部热疗模型,向小鼠双侧腹股沟白色脂肪组织中皮下注射了PDA,并接受高脂饮食。随后,每3天用NIR激光治疗治疗一次,持续10周以上。组织分析显示慢性热疗小鼠的脂肪库明显更小,肝脏中的脂质积累较少。且慢性热疗小鼠未出现其他不良影响.

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 接下来,研究者揭示了局部热疗激活米色脂肪的机制。鉴于HSF1在热激下被激活的特性,研究者构建了HSF1脂肪条件性敲除小鼠(HSF1 FKO),并进行高脂喂养。发现HSF1 FKO小鼠肥胖增加,能量消耗减少。

局部热疗显著促进代谢改善,包括减少体重、脂肪量和脂肪细胞大小。然而,在HSF1 FKO小鼠中,局部热疗的这些代谢益处被取消。这些结果揭示了HSF1 在介导局部热疗代谢益处中的关键作用。

图片为了进一步阐明HSF1在调节米色脂肪激活中的机制,研究者进行了ChIP-seq分析,并通过ChIP实验,证实局部热疗后可能存在HSF1-A2B1轴。接下来,研究者检测了A2B1在米色脂肪功能中的作用,发现A2B1水平与米色脂肪功能密切相关。功能上,A2B1敲低减少了米色脂肪细胞中的棕色脂肪基因程序。这些结果揭示了A2B1在米色脂肪中的功能,以及HSF1-A2B1转录轴在介导局部热疗激活米色脂肪中不可或缺的作用。

 

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最后,为了揭示其临床相关性,探索了HSF1遗传变异(单核苷酸多态性,SNP)与人类代谢特征的关联,发现HSF1变体P365T与人类代谢特征的关联。证明了HSF1在人类新陈代谢中的潜在贡献,并且HSF1激活可能作为预防和治疗肥胖的靶点。

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综上所述,这项研究证实了局部热疗通过HSF1-A2B1转录轴诱导米色脂肪激活,安全有效地抵抗和治疗肥胖、胰岛素敏感性和肝脏脂质沉积,提供了一种有前景的抗肥胖策略。

 

参考文献
[1]Li, Yu, Dongmei Wang, Xiaodan Ping, Yankang Zhang, Ting Zhang, Li Wang, Li Jin et al. "Local hyperthermia therapy induces browning of white fat and treats obesity." Cell (2022).

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    2022-03-26 CHANGE

    什么时候有懒人用的减肥神药?

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