Science:青少年时期吸食大麻真的会变笨吗?

2016-01-21 佚名 生物谷

大约一半的美国人会在一生中使用大麻,其中大部分可能在青少年时期就已经开始。尽管一些研究表明大麻可能会对正在发育的大脑造成损伤,但真正是否存在风险还没有定论。最近,科学家们对青少年长期服用大麻的影响进行了追踪研究。通过分析双胞胎中长期吸食大麻对IQ的影响,并排除了环境因素后,科学家们发现使用大麻并不会对IQ造成负面的影响。 “这是一项十分严谨的研究”,来自伦敦学院大学的心理药物学家Valerie

大约一半的美国人会在一生中使用大麻,其中大部分可能在青少年时期就已经开始。尽管一些研究表明大麻可能会对正在发育的大脑造成损伤,但真正是否存在风险还没有定论。最近,科学家们对青少年长期服用大麻的影响进行了追踪研究。通过分析双胞胎中长期吸食大麻对IQ的影响,并排除了环境因素后,科学家们发现使用大麻并不会对IQ造成负面的影响。

“这是一项十分严谨的研究”,来自伦敦学院大学的心理药物学家Valerie Curran说到。她们研究组通过对2000名英国青少年进行调查研究,独立地得到了相同的结论。相关结果发表在最近一期的《Journal of Psychopharmacology》杂志上。然而,来自墨尔本大学的精神病流行病学家George Patton认为这一研究存在局限性。因为该研究无法证明大麻的过量或长期使用是否对青少年无害。

大量的研究将吸食大麻与认知缺陷联系在一起,比如记忆的缺失以及IQ的降低。但是由于这些研究往往只观察一瞬间的情况。因此无法判定哪一个是原因,哪一个是结果。

为了更好地检测是否大麻能够影响IQ或对人体其它方面造成影响,科学家们开始对大麻吸食青年人群体进行了长期的追踪调查。2012年,来自新西兰的一项研究发现,在13-38岁之间的人群中,有吸食大麻习惯的人相比其它人群IQ值有明显的下降。然而,这项研究未能排除其它因素的干扰。比如青少年的家庭环境或者是否遭遇退学等等。

为了排除上述干扰,最佳的研究方法就是以“双胞胎”为研究对象(因为双胞胎具有相同的遗传背景以及相同的生长经历)。在最近的一项研究中,Jackson等人分析了789对双胞胎子啊10年的青少年阶段智力发育水平以及吸食大麻的经历。同时加入了其它因素,比如止痛药,可卡因以及饮酒等等。

稀释大麻的青少年在生长发育过程中IQ值下降了4个点。然而对照组双胞胎有相似的下降趋势。

然而,有一些人指出这项研究的不足之处,比如缺少关于吸食大麻量以及频率的详细信息。当然,这不会影响结论的正确性。

原始出处

Twins study finds no evidence that marijuana lowers IQ in teens.Sciencemag.

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1933248, encodeId=039e1933248e9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1bdd3945300' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#吸食大麻#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=39453, encryptionId=1bdd3945300, topicName=吸食大麻)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=af68384, createdName=hanhaisha2008, createdTime=Mon Dec 26 22:34:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=61129, encodeId=7ef761129a0, content=会死啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=147, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Wed Jan 27 18:50:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=61130, encodeId=47ec611305b, content=远离毒品, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=128, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Wed Jan 27 18:50:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=59022, encodeId=72cd5902232, content=不思考,脑子迟早会退化, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=129, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTK29w9r0upRgxUXHNhe7bd3VxHnhBSpibMbKOjtX92zXr78SkuZfUNuADrjHiaw6uibZaEYjh9cJLzew/132, createdBy=261e1682638, createdName=1de3b290m83(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Jan 24 18:05:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1272649, encodeId=cb1d12e2649e4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d04f440581e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#大麻#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=44058, encryptionId=d04f440581e, topicName=大麻)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=87b1109, createdName=kcb069, createdTime=Sat Jan 23 01:34:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1375157, encodeId=ef7013e5157a6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Sat Jan 23 01:34:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=58860, encodeId=e249588606d, content=对身体总归不好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=143, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fe261399236, createdName=xyfg98, createdTime=Fri Jan 22 23:53:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-22, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-01-27 李继凯

    会死啊

    0

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    2016-01-27 李继凯

    远离毒品

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1933248, encodeId=039e1933248e9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1bdd3945300' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#吸食大麻#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=39453, encryptionId=1bdd3945300, topicName=吸食大麻)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=af68384, createdName=hanhaisha2008, createdTime=Mon Dec 26 22:34:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=61129, encodeId=7ef761129a0, content=会死啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=147, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Wed Jan 27 18:50:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=61130, encodeId=47ec611305b, content=远离毒品, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=128, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Wed Jan 27 18:50:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=59022, encodeId=72cd5902232, content=不思考,脑子迟早会退化, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=129, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTK29w9r0upRgxUXHNhe7bd3VxHnhBSpibMbKOjtX92zXr78SkuZfUNuADrjHiaw6uibZaEYjh9cJLzew/132, createdBy=261e1682638, createdName=1de3b290m83(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Jan 24 18:05:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1272649, encodeId=cb1d12e2649e4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d04f440581e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#大麻#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=44058, encryptionId=d04f440581e, topicName=大麻)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=87b1109, createdName=kcb069, createdTime=Sat Jan 23 01:34:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1375157, encodeId=ef7013e5157a6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Sat Jan 23 01:34:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=58860, encodeId=e249588606d, content=对身体总归不好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=143, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fe261399236, createdName=xyfg98, createdTime=Fri Jan 22 23:53:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-22, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-01-24 1de3b290m83(暂无匿称)

    不思考,脑子迟早会退化

    0

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    2016-01-23 kcb069
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    2016-01-23 jichang
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    2016-01-22 xyfg98

    对身体总归不好

    0

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