盘点:“魔剪”CRISPR又立大功

2016-09-07 MedSci MedSci原创

近几年,基因编辑技术飞速发展,已成为全球科学家争相研究的热门领域之一。8月份小编为大家细数了“魔剪”CRISPR所立下的那些功劳,这不CRISPR再立大功!下文梅斯医学小编为您一一道来。【1】为CRISPR增添“一点光”,可“定向定点”关闭致癌基因虽然科学家已经可以利用CRISPR基因编辑系统在活细胞里删除或者替换任何一段标记基因;但在细胞的DNA修复过程,把损伤部分粘合在一起时也会永久删除的

近几年,基因编辑技术飞速发展,已成为全球科学家争相研究的热门领域之一。8月份小编为大家细数了“魔剪”CRISPR所立下的那些功劳,这不CRISPR再立大功!梅斯医学小编为您一一道来。

【1】为CRISPR增添“一点光”,可“定向定点”关闭致癌基因

虽然科学家已经可以利用CRISPR基因编辑系统在活细胞里删除或者替换任何一段标记基因;但在细胞的DNA修复过程,把损伤部分粘合在一起时也会永久删除的一小部分基因,不能实现对基因编辑的精确控制。近日,MIT研究人员增加入了一个额外的控制层,通过系统的响应光,弥补了CRISPR技术“不完美的缺陷”,这种新型技术有望治愈皮肤癌。

据悉,有了这个新的系统,研究人员只需要对靶细胞进行紫外光照射,就可实现基因编辑。这可以帮助科学家更详细地研究细胞和遗传物质是如何影响胚胎发育和导致遗传疾病的;甚至还可为精确地关闭肿瘤细胞中的致癌基因提供一个更有针对性的方法。(文章详见--为CRISPR增添“一点光”,可“定向定点”关闭致癌基因

【2】Nature子刊:CRISPR让致命疾病“弃恶从善”

肝脏疾病酪氨酸血症I型,是一种严重的疾病,医生通常使用药物治疗。然而,这种治疗是终身的,并且仍然存在肝癌的残留风险,通常是通过原位肝移植治疗。现在,美国贝勒医学院的研究人员在小鼠身上进行的研究显示,通过删除一个疾病相关的基因,他们可以把曾经致命的疾病,转变成一种良性的形式。相关研究结果发表在8月30日的《Nature Communications》杂志。

贝勒医学院细胞和基因治疗中心助理教授Karl Dimiter Bissig博士说:“代谢途径重新编程是一个新的概念。我们不是专注于引起疾病的基因,而是重点关注一个疾病相关的基因。简而言之,我们重写了代谢途径,这样,所需的正常过程就不必与导致这种疾病的区域或基因发生交集。”

这项研究结果表明,一次性治疗已被证明对小鼠有着永久性的影响,从而消除了对药物的需求。(文章详见--Nature子刊:CRISPR让致命疾病“弃恶从善”

【3】JCB:CRISPR-Cas9系统在活细胞中的工作机制取得重大突破

在一项新的研究中,来自美国马萨诸塞大学医学院的研究人员揭示出CRISPR-Cas9系统在活细胞中的内部工作机制的重要新细节。这一发现可能对人们利用这种强大的基因编辑工具开发治疗方法产生影响。相关研究结果发表在2016年8月29日那期Journal of Cell Biology期刊上,论文标题为“CRISPR-Cas9 nuclear dynamics and target recognition in living cells”。

论文通信作者、马萨诸塞大学医学院细胞生物学教授和生物化学与分子药理学教授Thoru Pederson博士说,“我们对CRISPR-Cas9复合物如何在活细胞的基因组中到处移动和发现靶位点的细节了解得并不多。在这项研究中,我们了解到这种复合物的工作机制对寻求为实验室研究和潜在的诊所应用开发工具的基因编辑人员而言是比较重要的和有用的。”(文章详见--JCB:CRISPR-Cas9系统在活细胞中的工作机制取得重大突破

【4】Cell:首次利用CRISPR/Cas9系统鉴定出寄生虫必需基因

在一项新的研究中,来自美国怀特海德研究所的研究人员在顶复门(Apicomplexa)---导致疟疾、巴贝西虫病、隐孢子虫病和弓形虫病的单细胞寄生虫门---中进行首次全基因组筛选。这一筛选有助认识大量的未被研究过的寄生虫基因组,并且揭示为所有顶复门寄生虫所共有的一种蛋白。相关研究结果于2016年9月1日在线发表在Cell期刊上,论文标题为“A Genome-wide CRISPR Screen in Toxoplasma Identifies Essential Apicomplexan Genes”。

论文通信作者、怀特海德研究所研究员Sebastian Lourido说,“从没有一种真正好的方法来研究任何一种顶复门寄生虫中所有基因的功能。我们引入一种方法来评估整个基因组的功能。这种技术能够被用来研究各种各样的课题,如营养获取、对免疫压力作出的反应、上位性(epistasis)和遗传相互作用等等。这是在这些寄生虫中开展研究成为可能所取得的重要一步。”(文章详见--Cell:首次利用CRISPR/Cas9系统鉴定出寄生虫必需基因

【5】JNCI:重磅!科学家利用CRISPR/Cas9技术使癌症突变失活

由于在许多生物医学和生物技术领域均有着广泛的应用,“基因魔剪”CRISPR/Cas9或将完全打开癌症研究领域的大门;日前一项刊登在国际杂志Journal of the National Cancer Institute上的研究报告中,来自德国德累斯顿工业大学 (Dresden University of Technology)等机构的研究人员通过研究发现,扮演癌症驱动子的突变或许能够被靶向作用并且修复,而且这些相关的突变也可以被快速诊断,并被用来改善个体化疗法。

这项研究中,研究者首先对超过50万个报道的癌症突变进行分析,这些突变从理论上来讲能够被靶向作用,并且超过80%的突变都可以被CRISPR/Cas9系统进行切割修饰;随后研究者人员发现CRISPR/Cas9可以在不明显靶向作用健康野生型等位基因的同时,对一系列常见的癌症突变进行特异性靶向作用;此外,携带癌症特异性引导RNAs的Cas9酶类的表达还能够揭开引发癌细胞生长和变异的突变。

最后研究者Buchholz指出,这是一项重要的研究突破,因为如今我们可以从普通“乘客”突变中分裂出驱动癌症的突变,而这往往是癌症领域研究的薄弱环节,由于每一种癌症都会表现出特殊的突变组合,因此未来我们或许有可能开发出新型的手段来改善因突变促进癌细胞生长相关的癌症的诊断,当然本文研究仅仅是开始,后期研究人员还需要进行更为深入的研究来继续探索。(文章详见--JNCI:重磅!科学家利用CRISPR/Cas9技术使癌症突变失活

【6】Caribou宣布CRISPR-Cas9在DNA修复领域最新进展

最近,CRISPR技术领域的先驱Caribou公司就再次发布了他们在CRISPR-Cas9研究领域的最新进展。公司的研究团队发现了CRISPR-Cas9基因编辑技术在不同细胞系中的响应模式。公司在最新进展中表示,研究人员在利用该技术剪切了人类基因组中多达223个不同的位点。

Cas9是一种RNA引导的DNA内切酶。研究人员发现经过Cas9的剪切,细胞能够重新进入增殖阶段。同时,他们还指出,这种效果与特定的剪切靶点序列有关,而与被剪切的基因组信息无关。研究人员希望未来这一结果能够有助于进行基因敲除方面的工作。(文章详见--Caribou宣布CRISPR-Cas9在DNA修复领域最新进展

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    2016-09-09 yuandd
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    2016-09-08 知难而进

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    2016-09-08 知难而进

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  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1683425, encodeId=5c2a168342555, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a576102854fe' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#魔剪#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=102854, encryptionId=a576102854fe, topicName=魔剪)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c09b27973273, createdName=neurosurgeon, createdTime=Mon Apr 17 12:55:00 CST 2017, time=2017-04-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1275924, encodeId=6fea12e59240c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=755d5211a0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CRISPR#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=18, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5211, encryptionId=755d5211a0, topicName=CRISPR)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=583c133, createdName=yuandd, createdTime=Fri Sep 09 13:55:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=114244, encodeId=8ebf114244f3, content=继续关注!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Thu Sep 08 17:34:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=114210, encodeId=82b011421046, content=继续关注!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Thu Sep 08 17:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=114209, encodeId=b72611420949, content=谢谢分享!!!!!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Thu Sep 08 17:21:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=113593, encodeId=d4b111359360, content=继续学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Thu Sep 08 10:29:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=113594, encodeId=1a791135946e, content=继续关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Thu Sep 08 10:29:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-08, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-08 知难而进

    谢谢分享!!!!!!

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    2016-09-08 doctorJiangchao

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    2016-09-08 doctorJiangchao

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