EUR J Cancer:致癌性miRNA及其在乳腺癌治疗中的重要性

2017-12-31 MedSci MedSci原创

小分子核糖核酸(microRNA,缩写为miRNA),又译为微核糖核酸,是真核生物中广泛存在的一种长约21到23个核苷酸的核糖核酸(RNA)分子,可调节其他基因的表达。miRNA来自一些从DNA转录而来,但无法进一步转译成蛋白质的RNA(属于非编码RNA)。miRNA通过与目标信使核糖核酸(mRNA)结合,进而抑制转录后的基因表达,在调控基因表达、细胞周期、生物体发育时序等方面起重要作用。

小分子核糖核酸(microRNA,缩写为miRNA),又译为微核糖核酸,是真核生物中广泛存在的一种长约2123个核苷酸的核糖核酸(RNA)分子,可调节其他基因的表达。miRNA来自一些从DNA转录而来,但无法进一步转译成蛋白质的RNA(属于非编码RNA)。miRNA通过与目标信使核糖核酸(mRNA)结合,进而抑制转录后的基因表达,在调控基因表达、细胞周期、生物体发育时序等方面起重要作用。

2002年发现肿瘤抑制性miRNA以来,miRNA的异常就涉及到了多种癌症,同时表现出肿瘤抑制和致癌性角色。miRNA的失调涉及肿瘤发生的起始、发展、侵袭和转移。而正常的miRNA的抑制功能有助于调节细胞中的基因表达,而致癌性miRNA的失调可能导致控制细胞凋亡的通路的抑制,进而影响细胞周期、细胞生长和扩散。在最新的发现中,致癌性miRNA被证明是多种癌症(如乳腺癌)的关键组分,并可能提供新的癌症治疗途径。在这篇文章中,研究者们讨论了乳腺癌中的致癌性miRNA的作用,这其中包括较少研究的和最近发现的致癌性miRNA。这些miRNA的异常表达对复杂性乳腺癌疾病进展产生了总体影响。此外,分析研究这些miRNA对了解抗癌药物的耐药性、敏感性和患者总生存期的改善。具有重要意义,并可能产生新型治疗方法。

 

原始出处:

O'Bryan, Samia, et al. "The roles of oncogenic miRNAs and their therapeutic importance in breast cancer." European Journal of Cancer 2017 72: 1-11. doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.

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    2018-01-23 mgqwxj
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    2018-08-02 smallant2002
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    2018-01-02 jambiya

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