Cell Death Dis:铜离子超负荷通过赖氨酰氧化酶介导的基质交联促进肾纤维化

2020-04-18 QQY MedSci原创

肾纤维化是所有慢性肾病(CKD)发展至晚期肾病(ESKD)所要经历的主要过程及最终结果。肾纤维化的特征是肾脏细胞外基质(ECM)物质的过度积累。由于目前尚无针对肾纤维化的具体治疗方法,因此对肾纤维化的

肾纤维化是所有慢性肾病(CKD)发展至晚期肾病(ESKD)所要经历的主要过程及最终结果。肾纤维化的特征是肾脏细胞外基质(ECM)物质的过度积累。由于目前尚无针对肾纤维化的具体治疗方法,因此对肾纤维化的分子机制及细胞基础的更深入研究对减少或逆转慢性肾病的肾纤维化过程具有重要意义。

铜离子作为人体中最重要的微量元素之一,是细胞生理所需的多种酶的辅助因子或结构成分,参与多种不同的酶促反应。近期研究表明,铜离子积累与各种组织的纤维化有关。但目前尚无关于肾脏中铜离子与纤维化的关联报道,且涉及铜离子在器官纤维化中作用的潜在机制尚不清楚。

该研究揭示了铜离子在肾纤维化发生发展过程中的作用以及可能的潜在机制。

研究人员发现在两种纤维化模型及肾纤维化患者的肾脏组织中,CTR1(铜转运蛋白1)的表达水平升高。在使用TGF-β(转化生长因子β)处理的肾小管上皮细胞及成纤维细胞中也发现了相似的结果。

机制研究发现,Smads依赖性TGF-β信号通路参与上调CTR1的表达水平上调,而Smad3能够直接与肾成纤维细胞中CTR1的启动子结合。CTR1表达升高会引起细胞铜离子内流增加。细胞内铜离子升高则会激活LOX(赖氨酰氧化酶),并增强胶原蛋白和弹性蛋白的交联,进而促进肾纤维化的发生。

在单侧输尿管梗阻诱导的肾纤维化模型及TGF-β刺激的肾成纤维细胞中,通过降低CTR1表达来减少细胞内铜离子积累可以改善肾纤维化过程。使用铜离子螯合剂TM(四硫代钼酸盐)的治疗方法也可以减轻体内外的肾纤维化反应。

总而言之,细胞内铜离子积累可以通过激活LOX介导的胶原蛋白和弹性蛋白的交联过程,对肾纤维化起着独特的作用。抑制细胞内超负荷的铜离子可能是减轻肾纤维化的潜在途径。

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    2020-07-12 docwu2019
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    2020-09-01 jktdtl
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    2020-04-20 cy0328

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