Br J Nutr:“早饭吃饱,午饭吃好,晚饭吃少”,是这样吗?

2017-12-24 佚名 中国生物技术网

如果考虑到昼夜节律的话,晚饭少吃一点似乎有道理,我们身体内部的生物钟帮助我们决定什么时间该做什么。身体通过眼睛感知光,告诉我们什么时候应该起床,什么时候应该睡觉。它还告诉我们在每天什么时候最适合消化。

我们都听说过这样一句谚语,“早饭要吃饱,午饭要吃好,晚饭要吃少”。这背后有什么道理吗?

如果考虑到昼夜节律的话,晚饭少吃一点似乎有道理,我们身体内部的生物钟帮助我们决定什么时间该做什么。身体通过眼睛感知光,告诉我们什么时候应该起床,什么时候应该睡觉。它还告诉我们在每天什么时候最适合消化

然而人们的晚餐往往是最丰盛的,大家在晚上常常会摄入占全天一半的热量。

当我们在晚上吃饭的时候,我们消耗的脂肪更少。尽管现在原因不明,但是这可能与脂肪的吸收以及脂肪在白天和黑夜进入消化系统的程度有关。

我们的身体在晚间很难处理碳水化合物。这可能是由于夜间胰岛素敏感度低。这对于倒班工人尤其如此,他们在应该睡觉的时候会进食。

睡眠/清醒循环和进食的不匹配被认为是昼夜节律失调。这会导致在餐后血糖和血脂水平异常升高。对于常常在晚间工作的人(包括在夜间吃饭),这会导致血液中的糖和脂肪持续保持高位,因此会增加患糖尿病、心脏病和中风的危险。

夜间进食产生的这些影响使人们推测,在晚上少吃一点对于体重也有好处。一些健康专家建议,大部分的热量都应该在白天摄入,在晚上少吃一点有助于降低体重。

为了确定在晚上摄入过多热量是否与体重过高相关,以及在晚上少吃点是否有助于降低体重,有一项研究回顾了总共涉及76000人的18项研究。

在对所有的证据检验之后该研究发现:总的来看,在晚上吃得多的人相比于晚上吃得少的人并没有更重。我们发现,在节食者中,平均来看,晚上吃得少的人也没有比晚上吃得多的人减轻更多的体重。

晚餐少吃似乎并不能减轻体重

原因尚不明确,但也许是因为我们代谢的昼夜节律并不是像我们想得那样简单。对健康年轻人(20至35岁)的研究发现,早上的代谢效率更高,然而另一项针对老年患病人群(52至80岁)的研究发现,他们的夜间代谢更加活跃。

如果年龄和健康状况确实会对代谢的昼夜节律产生影响,那么“晚餐要吃少”这个规律似乎就不那么合适了。

也许在晚上吃得多的人醒来的时候会感觉饱了,所以被“训练”得在早上吃得更少。这被称为“生物周期转换”,能够弥补我们在晚上吃得过多的问题。

问题在于我们一整天中吃的是什么以及吃了多少,而不在于什么时候吃了最多的食物。早餐和午餐都吃得很多,晚上再来顿套餐的话会使你体重增加。但是罪魁祸首并不仅仅是晚餐,其它时候的“加餐”也会使你摄入的热量超过身体所需。

女性和男性每天分别需要摄入8000和9900千焦的热量。这个数字会随着你的年龄和运动状况变化。如果想要更准确的估计,你可以计算一下自己的热量目标。

所以,只要你在其他时候吃得不多,能够调整好每天的能量摄入,那么晚餐吃得多点也无所谓。请记住,按时吃饭,饭量适当,这样才能够帮助你更有效的控制食欲,而不应该把吃饭次数减少,但是吃得特别多。

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=274144, encodeId=47782e414410, content=科学.晚饭过饱.休息.是胃肠蠕动减慢.增加胃的负担!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/11/22/005b55a98a8b2e8ec8bd5577813de704.jpg, createdBy=29fc2176768, createdName=祝您健康, createdTime=Sun Dec 31 10:56:50 CST 2017, time=2017-12-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=273042, encodeId=2d2d2e30425b, content=优质资源.共同学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zMoyicyo6ia9f4IuLQAwZoxD6Hx4ibd5CMcOCYhStY6oDibbKK6O2X8iaicldO5ib8j1iapOIobIKCGiczU2A/0, createdBy=56251941490, createdName=虈亣靌, createdTime=Wed Dec 27 21:48:33 CST 2017, time=2017-12-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=272628, encodeId=cb4e2e2628b4, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/fhZdOu27e88Voqh19n8eF8cLplo8L4nicKtH0WnE3KFELXns5XDu8rsiceK2HHDZc2SEStia5VV3Pia2QLMVqlWbHw/0, createdBy=6e012139475, createdName=神功盖世, createdTime=Tue Dec 26 11:11:28 CST 2017, time=2017-12-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=272623, encodeId=aba72e262380, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/09/07/a9772c74ffd6edc03a7f9af07b4747f6.jpg, createdBy=b3722138742, createdName=sunfeifeiyang, createdTime=Tue Dec 26 10:55:42 CST 2017, time=2017-12-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=272362, encodeId=4dd52e236288, content=学习了谢谢了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zSn0GqHrsfLPeNmuNF9ibgMfMOAs7Iic5MpiaU8RLmRH67xCKuk5wzfhb7G4ib7ia6z9lrnsTicj1nAUfEOMecZDtvvu/0, createdBy=d7f91939785, createdName=186****0580(小山羊), createdTime=Mon Dec 25 09:26:55 CST 2017, time=2017-12-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=272186, encodeId=24682e21863d, content=如何改?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Sun Dec 24 18:19:56 CST 2017, time=2017-12-24, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-12-31 祝您健康

    科学.晚饭过饱.休息.是胃肠蠕动减慢.增加胃的负担!

    0

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    2017-12-27 虈亣靌

    优质资源.共同学习

    0

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    2017-12-26 神功盖世

    学习

    0

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    2017-12-26 sunfeifeiyang

    学习

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=274144, encodeId=47782e414410, content=科学.晚饭过饱.休息.是胃肠蠕动减慢.增加胃的负担!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/11/22/005b55a98a8b2e8ec8bd5577813de704.jpg, createdBy=29fc2176768, createdName=祝您健康, createdTime=Sun Dec 31 10:56:50 CST 2017, time=2017-12-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=273042, encodeId=2d2d2e30425b, content=优质资源.共同学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zMoyicyo6ia9f4IuLQAwZoxD6Hx4ibd5CMcOCYhStY6oDibbKK6O2X8iaicldO5ib8j1iapOIobIKCGiczU2A/0, createdBy=56251941490, createdName=虈亣靌, createdTime=Wed Dec 27 21:48:33 CST 2017, time=2017-12-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=272628, encodeId=cb4e2e2628b4, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/fhZdOu27e88Voqh19n8eF8cLplo8L4nicKtH0WnE3KFELXns5XDu8rsiceK2HHDZc2SEStia5VV3Pia2QLMVqlWbHw/0, createdBy=6e012139475, createdName=神功盖世, createdTime=Tue Dec 26 11:11:28 CST 2017, time=2017-12-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=272623, encodeId=aba72e262380, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/09/07/a9772c74ffd6edc03a7f9af07b4747f6.jpg, createdBy=b3722138742, createdName=sunfeifeiyang, createdTime=Tue Dec 26 10:55:42 CST 2017, time=2017-12-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=272362, encodeId=4dd52e236288, content=学习了谢谢了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zSn0GqHrsfLPeNmuNF9ibgMfMOAs7Iic5MpiaU8RLmRH67xCKuk5wzfhb7G4ib7ia6z9lrnsTicj1nAUfEOMecZDtvvu/0, createdBy=d7f91939785, createdName=186****0580(小山羊), createdTime=Mon Dec 25 09:26:55 CST 2017, time=2017-12-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=272186, encodeId=24682e21863d, content=如何改?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Sun Dec 24 18:19:56 CST 2017, time=2017-12-24, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-12-25 186****0580(小山羊)

    学习了谢谢了

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=274144, encodeId=47782e414410, content=科学.晚饭过饱.休息.是胃肠蠕动减慢.增加胃的负担!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/11/22/005b55a98a8b2e8ec8bd5577813de704.jpg, createdBy=29fc2176768, createdName=祝您健康, createdTime=Sun Dec 31 10:56:50 CST 2017, time=2017-12-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=273042, encodeId=2d2d2e30425b, content=优质资源.共同学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zMoyicyo6ia9f4IuLQAwZoxD6Hx4ibd5CMcOCYhStY6oDibbKK6O2X8iaicldO5ib8j1iapOIobIKCGiczU2A/0, createdBy=56251941490, createdName=虈亣靌, createdTime=Wed Dec 27 21:48:33 CST 2017, time=2017-12-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=272628, encodeId=cb4e2e2628b4, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/fhZdOu27e88Voqh19n8eF8cLplo8L4nicKtH0WnE3KFELXns5XDu8rsiceK2HHDZc2SEStia5VV3Pia2QLMVqlWbHw/0, createdBy=6e012139475, createdName=神功盖世, createdTime=Tue Dec 26 11:11:28 CST 2017, time=2017-12-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=272623, encodeId=aba72e262380, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/09/07/a9772c74ffd6edc03a7f9af07b4747f6.jpg, createdBy=b3722138742, createdName=sunfeifeiyang, createdTime=Tue Dec 26 10:55:42 CST 2017, time=2017-12-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=272362, encodeId=4dd52e236288, content=学习了谢谢了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zSn0GqHrsfLPeNmuNF9ibgMfMOAs7Iic5MpiaU8RLmRH67xCKuk5wzfhb7G4ib7ia6z9lrnsTicj1nAUfEOMecZDtvvu/0, createdBy=d7f91939785, createdName=186****0580(小山羊), createdTime=Mon Dec 25 09:26:55 CST 2017, time=2017-12-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=272186, encodeId=24682e21863d, content=如何改?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Sun Dec 24 18:19:56 CST 2017, time=2017-12-24, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-12-24 lovetcm

    如何改?

    0

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