Diabetol Int:日本2型糖尿病患者使用的各种口服降糖药中磺脲类药物比例的横断面研究

2022-08-22 从医路漫漫 MedSci原创

磺酰脲类药物治疗期间会出现适度的体重增加,循环中过量的胰岛素会导致胰岛素依赖性脂肪酸合成,从而进一步导致体重增加。

背景:大多数二型糖尿病糖尿病(T2DM)患者需要降血糖治疗以改善血糖控制并减少长期并发症。基于证据,美国糖尿病协会(ADA)和欧洲糖尿病研究协会(EASD)在2020年的共识报告中推荐二甲双胍作为T2DM的一线治疗药物,因为其相对安全且对血红蛋白A1c (HbA1c)、体重和心血管死亡率有益。当治疗费用是一个主要问题时,磺脲类药物被推荐作为T2DM患者的二线治疗,而钠-葡萄糖转运蛋白2抑制剂(SGLT-2i)和胰高血糖素样肽1受体激动剂(GLP-1-RA)被广泛推荐作为二线或三线口服抗糖尿病药物(OAD),特别是对于心血管疾病、慢性肾脏疾病和心力衰竭风险较高的患者。

亚洲人(包括日本人)的β细胞胰岛素分泌水平低于非西班牙裔高加索人。此外,2016年,日本糖尿病临床实践指南建议根据患者的病情个体化选择一线OADs。与其他国家相比,日本接受磺脲类药物治疗的T2DM患者比例较高,这可能是因为大多数日本T2DM患者的胰岛素分泌能力低于白种T2DM患者。2010年,我们报道了近60%的日本T2DM患者接受了磺脲类药物的单一治疗或联合治疗。

尽管磺脲类药物被广泛使用,但临床上对其使用仍有顾虑。首先,磺酰脲诱导的胰岛素分泌脱敏,称为继发性磺酰脲失效,发生在开始使用磺酰脲后约10年内。继发性磺酰脲失效被认为是β细胞质量和功能丧失的一种状态,可能是由磺酰脲和葡萄糖毒性对β细胞的长期过度刺激引起的。其次,使用磺酰脲类药物会出现低血糖和体重增加。磺酰脲类药物治疗期间会出现适度的体重增加,循环中过量的胰岛素会导致胰岛素依赖性脂肪酸合成,从而进一步导致体重增加。此外,磺酰脲作为二线药物,与心肌梗死、全因死亡率和严重低血糖的风险增加相关。基于这些担忧和最近其他OAD的可用性,处方趋势表明日本的糖尿病专家(SPs)已经从磺脲类单药治疗转向联合治疗,尽管磺脲类是2011年最常用的OAD。

低剂量格列美脲是最常用的磺酰脲类药物,对于接受格列美脲、二甲双胍和西他列汀(一种二肽基肽酶4抑制剂,DPP-4i)三联OAD治疗的患者来说,有助于实现良好的血糖控制。然而,在我们2010年的调查中,一些接受全科医生(GP)治疗的患者接受了高剂量的磺脲类药物治疗,HbA1c水平≥ 8.0% 。

目的:我们旨在通过分析2018年日本医生对T2DM实际干预的全国调查(NSAID研究)的数据,调查日本二型糖尿病患者(T2DM)使用磺脲类药物的确定性。

方法:在分别接受全科医生(GP)和糖尿病专家(SP)治疗的6525和1545名非甾体抗炎药研究参与者中,我们在分析中分别纳入了5423名(83.1%)和1058名(68.5%)仅接受口服降糖药治疗的患者。

结果:在单药治疗的7个OAD分类中,磺脲类药物分别是全科医生(7.1%)和个体医生(6.4%)开出的第三大和第五大OAD。联合治疗增加了磺脲类药物的使用。格列美脲是最常用的磺酰脲类药物。与未使用磺脲类药物的患者相比,使用磺脲类药物的患者血红蛋白A1c (HbA1c)水平较高,体重指数(BMI)较低。

图1磺酰脲类药物在单一治疗和与口服降糖药联合治疗中的使用比例(OAD)。单药治疗和联合OAD治疗中使用的七类药物中OAD的比例。b在单一疗法和联合OAD疗法中使用磺脲类药物的二型糖尿病患者的百分比

表1联合治疗中与磺脲类药物联用的口服抗糖尿病药物(OAD)

表2使用磺脲类药物的二型糖尿病患者的中位剂量、HbA1c水平和体重指数

图2全科医生(GPs)和糖尿病专家(SPs)在单一治疗和联合OAD治疗中使用和未使用磺脲类药物的二型糖尿病病患者的血红蛋白A1c水平和b体重指数。*P < 0.05

结论:本研究结果清楚地表明,在OAD中,磺脲类药物在单药治疗中并不常用,尽管在日本,随着GP和SPs联合治疗中开出的OAD数量的增加,使用磺脲类药物的机会增加。此外,低剂量格列美脲是日本T2DM患者最常用的磺酰脲类药物,尤其是对于那些身材瘦削且HbA1c水平较高的患者。

原文出处:Arai K,  Nishikawa T,  Shirabe SI, et al.Cross sectional study on proportion of sulfonylureas among various oral antidiabetic drugs using for Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes, analyzed from NSAID Study-2.Diabetol Int 2022 Jan;13(1)

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