J Allergy Clin Immun:家里太干净反而不好?接触灰尘和过敏原可能会帮助宝宝远离哮喘病

2017-09-21 佚名 生物探索

美国国立卫生研究院支持的一项最新研究表明,在婴儿期接触宠物或昆虫过敏原水平较高的环境有益于降低儿童在7岁时患哮喘病的风险。9月19日发表在Journal of Allergy and Clinical上的这一研究结果,可能会为制定哮喘预防策略提供新线索。



人们倾向于认为,减少接触家里的过敏原可以减轻哮喘病发作,过去也确实有不少研究支持这一做法。但美国“城市环境与儿童哮喘病(URECA)”研究项目的最新成果却提出了不同看法,研究人员发现,儿童在婴儿时期接触某些过敏原有可能起到预防哮喘病发生的作用

该研究由美国国家卫生研究院(NIH)的国家过敏和传染病研究所(NIAID)资助,专门调查城市中影响儿童患哮喘病的危险因素。自2005年以来,URECA项目从巴尔的摩、波士顿、纽约和圣路易斯采集了560名新生儿的数据,这些儿童的家长中至少有一位有哮喘或过敏史,因此孩子们也被认为是高风险患病群体。研究人员从孩子出生起进行跟踪研究,在目前的442名可进行哮喘病评估的7岁儿童中,研究人员发现有130人(约占29%)患有哮喘。对比美国疾病控制与预防中心(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)所给出的数据,即美国有超过8%的儿童患有哮喘病,这一患病比例显得相当高。在研究开始后的三年里,研究人员曾从部分儿童的家中收集了一些高密度过敏原,包括蟑螂、老鼠、猫、狗等,然而长期接触这些过敏原的孩子在7岁时患哮喘病的风险反而下降了。

“我们正逐步了解早期生活环境怎样影响某些健康问题的发展,”NIAID的主管Anthony s . Fauci博士说到,“如果能在哮喘发病之前制定预防策略,将帮助数百万人与其家庭、社区减轻疾病带来的负担。”

研究还表明,婴儿时期家中的微生物环境可能与哮喘患病风险相关。URECA之前的一份报告对婴儿出生后一年内房屋灰尘中的微生物组进行了评估,表明接触某些细菌可能会避免儿童在3岁时出现反复喘息(哮喘病的一个危险因素)。最新的研究报告则将这种影响的时间范围推至儿童7岁时。不过具体的潜在作用仍需要进一步研究。

“我们的观察表明,在生命早期接触到各类室内过敏原、细菌和细菌产物可能会降低患哮喘的风险,”医学博士James E. Gern说到,他是URECA的首席研究员,也是威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校的教授。“进一步的研究可以帮助我们确定哮喘病防治策略的具体靶标。”

此外,URECA历时7年的研究结果证实了先前研究认为儿童哮喘患病与风险因子(如烟草烟雾、母体的压力与抑郁情绪)有关。研究人员发现,新生儿脐带血中出现可的宁(尼古丁副产品)导致其7岁时患哮喘病的风险提高。来自母亲的压力和抑郁也致使孩子出生后三年更容易患上哮喘病。

URECA的研究人员仍在继续观察这些儿童,他们根据过敏和哮喘特征把这些儿童分组,希望收集更多信息以便了解在出生早期影响过敏性或非过敏性哮喘发展的因素。

原始出处:

George T.O'Connor, Susan V.Lynch, Gordon R.Bloomberg, et al. Early-life home environment and risk of asthma among inner-city children. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 2017.

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    2017-09-22 膀胱癌
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    2017-09-21 刘煜

    学习了谢谢分享

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    2017-09-21 榄枷檬

    谢谢分享

    0