BMJ: 酒精依赖患者初级保健中更有效的干预措施

2020-11-25 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

确定药物的性质和了解酒精依赖患者的心理需求或酒精依赖的根本原因也可以为未来的试验设计提供新的策略。

英国大约有50多万成年人是酒精依赖者,但只有四分之一的酒精依赖者会寻求治疗帮助,对于中度到重度酒精依赖的患者,专家人员应建议患者住院辅助戒酒。然而,对酒精依赖患者的管理有相当大的需求,大约82%的人没有得到所需的专科治疗。仅靠专科服务无法满足,只能通过扩大初级保健的治疗来满足。而这在临床指南中还没有反映出来。

因此,需要从高质量的随机对照试验中获得更多的证据,以确定初级保健的最佳干预措施,从而为临床治疗提供信息并使患者能够获得治疗。近日,BMJ上新发表的研究Treatment interventions to maintain abstinence from alcohol in primary care: systematic review and network meta-analysis就针对这一问题进行了相关的探讨。

本研究为一项系统回顾和网络meta分析,文章数据来源于Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane CENTRAL, ClinicalTrials.gov,以及世界卫生组织的国际临床试验注册平台等。总共有29323项记录来自电子数据库,2378项来自其他来源。102项研究(143篇文献)符合纳入标准。其中一项研究因为比较了两种不同剂量的奥卡西平的效果而被排除。64项研究(99篇文献报道)中有30项关于持续戒断的结果(来自报告或与试验作者联系),这些结果都被纳入了综述。被排除的研究和排除原因的完整列表可在数据中找到。

研究选择流程图

研究结果显示,安慰剂组的戒断概率中值为25%。与安慰剂相比,唯一与增加戒断概率相关的干预是Acamprosate(阿卡普罗酸盐)。在报告所有原因退出的62个纳入的试验中,与安慰剂相比,证据的中度确定性为阿卡松酸盐(0.73,0.62-0.86;42%)、纳曲酮(0.70,0.50-0.98;41%)和阿卡松酸纳曲酮(0.30,0.13-0.67;17%)。阿卡普罗酸盐是唯一一种对12个月内酒精戒断有效性和可接受性有适度信心的干预措施。由于对证据缺乏信心,其他干预措施是否有助于维持戒断和减少退出率,目前尚不确定。

与酒精依赖治疗有关的所有原因的网络图

微弱的证据表明,阿卡普罗酸盐在长期内可能是有效的。目前还不确定其他现有的授权药物纳曲酮和双硫仑是否能改善此类患者的戒断。虽然其他干预措施,如氧酸钠、普瑞巴林、托吡酯,以及其他干预措施的组合,如阿坎帕酸钠和纳曲酮,阿坎帕酸钠和护士督促以及氧酸钠和纳曲酮可能会比安慰剂效果更好,但研究和患者的数量少降低了我们对证据的信心。

根据戒断及所有退出原因的网络荟萃分析结果,用平均秩值进行聚类排序图。

本综述中确定的大多数干预措施都没有足够的证据可以在临床实践中提出建议,尽管许多干预措施很有前景,但也应该在未来的试验中进行进一步研究。研究结果还为潜在的治疗策略提供了指导,包括额外的干预措施来补充治疗效果,如纳曲酮或家访。这些可能有助于接下来确定更多实用的试验设计方案。然而,Acamprosate和其他干预治疗酒精依赖的机制仍然不清楚。确定药物的性质和了解酒精依赖患者的心理需求或酒精依赖的根本原因也可以为未来的试验设计提供新的策略。

“这些发现对临床实践有重要的意义,因为Acamprosate被发现是唯一一种有足够高质量证据的干预手段,由此我们得出结论,它比安慰剂在维持酒精戒断方面更好。这一发现表明,目前在英国初级保健机构中,对于解毒、酒精依赖患者的其他干预措施(如双硫仑)的证据很少,这将促进更多高质量、务实的随机试验的设计,并在未来的研究中产生更好的证据。”

参考文献:Hung-Yuan Cheng, et al. Treatment interventions to maintain abstinence from alcohol in primary care: systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMJ 2020; 371 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m3934 (Published 25 November 2020)

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    2021-05-21 gaoxiaoe
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  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1634562, encodeId=944c1634562f9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b6974881243' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#干预措施#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=48812, encryptionId=b6974881243, topicName=干预措施)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a51a22195904, createdName=xiaoyang_ambs, createdTime=Sat Jun 19 02:58:59 CST 2021, time=2021-06-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1683132, encodeId=57cd168313271, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9e103223059' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#初级保健#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=32230, encryptionId=9e103223059, topicName=初级保健)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=1bf327942704, createdName=xre2017, createdTime=Sat Apr 10 10:58:59 CST 2021, time=2021-04-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1849134, encodeId=a8f01849134e6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2977356edc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#BMJ#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3567, encryptionId=2977356edc, topicName=BMJ)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=148754, createdName=gaoxiaoe, createdTime=Fri May 21 17:58:59 CST 2021, time=2021-05-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1575789, encodeId=e09a15e578971, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5e1f954e563' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#酒精依赖#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=95475, encryptionId=5e1f954e563, topicName=酒精依赖)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f5c116191457, createdName=xue8607, createdTime=Fri Nov 27 12:58:59 CST 2020, time=2020-11-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=902535, encodeId=571e902535d5, content=阿卡普罗酸盐是唯一一种对12个月内酒精戒断有效性和可接受性有适度信心的干预措施。<a href='/topic/show?id=8ba39549054' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#酒精戒断#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=95490, encryptionId=8ba39549054, topicName=酒精戒断)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210607/9f00a0de660e4b36b77a9a5f7620d6bf/98c22b17ddf7446fa7b9a618fabcb9f7.jpg, createdBy=a8fb2299762, createdName=Psycho.Dr Du, createdTime=Thu Nov 26 17:00:06 CST 2020, time=2020-11-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=902435, encodeId=7321902435d6, content=谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201201/cade54d2b9b64947848f5d0b9b288c9a/6c5d0b4cc9cd44a7851dffb52b24dc89.jpg, createdBy=fdb44694234, createdName=392534278, createdTime=Thu Nov 26 11:16:36 CST 2020, time=2020-11-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=902406, encodeId=3cca9024064d, content=阿卡普罗酸盐Acamprosate是唯一一种对12个月内酒精戒断有效性和可接受性有适度信心的干预措施,它比安慰剂在维持酒精戒断方面更好。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211019/df01a4bfb64246379ddfef3370d04115/e1274c8eb5e440918f56f83bcfea9031.jpg, createdBy=3a345397082, createdName=Jessica, createdTime=Thu Nov 26 10:28:39 CST 2020, time=2020-11-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=902304, encodeId=192690230459, content=继续学习新内容了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200627/83a502bff6c14b759a7d0863b4068e7b/32ad40676056418ea58a94afac9c5b81.jpg, createdBy=6f475314305, createdName=水-晶, createdTime=Wed Nov 25 22:03:16 CST 2020, time=2020-11-25, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-11-26 Psycho.Dr Du

    阿卡普罗酸盐是唯一一种对12个月内酒精戒断有效性和可接受性有适度信心的干预措施。#酒精戒断#

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1634562, encodeId=944c1634562f9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b6974881243' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#干预措施#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=48812, encryptionId=b6974881243, topicName=干预措施)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a51a22195904, createdName=xiaoyang_ambs, createdTime=Sat Jun 19 02:58:59 CST 2021, time=2021-06-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1683132, encodeId=57cd168313271, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9e103223059' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#初级保健#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=32230, encryptionId=9e103223059, topicName=初级保健)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=1bf327942704, createdName=xre2017, createdTime=Sat Apr 10 10:58:59 CST 2021, time=2021-04-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1849134, encodeId=a8f01849134e6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2977356edc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#BMJ#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3567, encryptionId=2977356edc, topicName=BMJ)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=148754, createdName=gaoxiaoe, createdTime=Fri May 21 17:58:59 CST 2021, time=2021-05-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1575789, encodeId=e09a15e578971, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5e1f954e563' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#酒精依赖#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=95475, encryptionId=5e1f954e563, topicName=酒精依赖)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f5c116191457, createdName=xue8607, createdTime=Fri Nov 27 12:58:59 CST 2020, time=2020-11-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=902535, encodeId=571e902535d5, content=阿卡普罗酸盐是唯一一种对12个月内酒精戒断有效性和可接受性有适度信心的干预措施。<a href='/topic/show?id=8ba39549054' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#酒精戒断#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=95490, encryptionId=8ba39549054, topicName=酒精戒断)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210607/9f00a0de660e4b36b77a9a5f7620d6bf/98c22b17ddf7446fa7b9a618fabcb9f7.jpg, createdBy=a8fb2299762, createdName=Psycho.Dr Du, createdTime=Thu Nov 26 17:00:06 CST 2020, time=2020-11-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=902435, encodeId=7321902435d6, content=谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201201/cade54d2b9b64947848f5d0b9b288c9a/6c5d0b4cc9cd44a7851dffb52b24dc89.jpg, createdBy=fdb44694234, createdName=392534278, createdTime=Thu Nov 26 11:16:36 CST 2020, time=2020-11-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=902406, encodeId=3cca9024064d, content=阿卡普罗酸盐Acamprosate是唯一一种对12个月内酒精戒断有效性和可接受性有适度信心的干预措施,它比安慰剂在维持酒精戒断方面更好。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211019/df01a4bfb64246379ddfef3370d04115/e1274c8eb5e440918f56f83bcfea9031.jpg, createdBy=3a345397082, createdName=Jessica, createdTime=Thu Nov 26 10:28:39 CST 2020, time=2020-11-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=902304, encodeId=192690230459, content=继续学习新内容了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200627/83a502bff6c14b759a7d0863b4068e7b/32ad40676056418ea58a94afac9c5b81.jpg, createdBy=6f475314305, createdName=水-晶, createdTime=Wed Nov 25 22:03:16 CST 2020, time=2020-11-25, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-11-26 392534278

    谢谢

    0

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    2020-11-26 Jessica

    阿卡普罗酸盐Acamprosate是唯一一种对12个月内酒精戒断有效性和可接受性有适度信心的干预措施,它比安慰剂在维持酒精戒断方面更好。

    0

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    2020-11-25 水-晶

    继续学习新内容了

    0

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