Clinical Psychological Science:季节性情绪失调是否真实存在?

2016-01-26 QQduhp 译 MedSci原创

1987年,季节性情感障碍(SAD)正式被列入精神疾病诊断和统计手册(DSM)。因此,它是精神心理科的新词汇。然而,有关学者一直在探索季节对民众情绪的影响。 20世纪70年代和80年代,更多研究把季节性情感障碍的精神病学地位进行了加强和巩固。人们认为,它往往伴随抑郁和双相情感障碍出现和发作。简而言之,抑郁的SAD患者在冬季会出现抑郁复发,但是在温暖的季节抑郁表现则有较明显好转。有研究人员指出,季节

1987年,季节性情感障碍(SAD)正式被列入精神疾病诊断和统计手册(DSM)。因此,它是精神心理科的新词汇。然而,有关学者一直在探索季节对民众情绪的影响。 

20世纪70年代和80年代,许多研究把季节性情感障碍的精神病学地位进行了加强和巩固。人们认为,它往往伴随抑郁和双相情感障碍出现和发作。简而言之,抑郁的SAD患者在冬季会出现抑郁复发,但是在温暖的季节抑郁表现则有较明显好转。

有研究人员指出,季节性情感障碍是与特定季节(特别是冬季)有关的,是每年同一时间反复出现抑郁发作为特征的一种心境障碍。这种抑郁症与白天的长短,或环境光亮程度有关。研究发现,季节性抑郁症发作的机率与当月的平均气温、光照周期的长短是明显相关的。同时研究人员还注意到,季节性情感障碍常表现为有规律地在冬季发生抑郁,夏季呈轻度躁狂,二者交替出现。然而,通常季节性情感障碍不被认为是独立的情绪障碍,而认为是具有季节特征的重性抑郁发作的特殊类型。

但是,这些都是真的么?研究人员针对SAD进行了详细和深入的的调查,这项新近研究结果发表在Clinical Psychological Science。

研究人员使用2006年手机健康调查中的研究数据,参与人员共有34294名,年龄范围为18-99岁。研究人员使用PHQ-8量表评估参与民众的抑郁表现并进行评分。且访谈前2周,研究人员使用图表记录下参与者的抑郁时间。根据问卷调查显示,1754名参与者被诊断患有抑郁症。同时,研究人员收集了民众居住地相关信息,如经纬度和阳光照射程度等。
有争议的是,当研究人员对数据进行了分析后,他们发现抑郁症与季节性变化无关。

蒙哥马利奥本大学的心理学教授Steven LoBello认为,从许多角度分析数据,发现在一年的不同季节和阳光、不同经纬度地区的民众抑郁症的患病率非常稳定,因此会怀疑存在季节性变化的抑郁症可作为一类合理的精神疾病。民众患有抑郁症是其本质,但是冬天表现抑郁症的民众并不是因为过冬才会出现抑郁表现。
 
毫无疑问,这些发现将引发激烈辩论,因为专家学者一直认为抑郁症的严重程度与抑郁有关,研究人员表示他们还需进行更进一步的研究。

原始出处:

Does seasonal affective disorder actually exist?MNT,25,Jan,2016

Megan K. Traffanstedt et al., ClMajor depression with seasonal variation is it a valid construct?inical Psychological Science, 19 Jan,2016

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    2016-01-28 jichang
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    2016-01-28 30397606
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    2016-01-28 zll0628
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该研究发表在BJOG,由瑞典健康研究中心的Anders Hjern教授及同事指导进行。既往研究证实,孕妇若出现抑郁则会增加胎儿早产和低出生体重儿的风险。 妊娠期<37周(259天)出生的新生儿称为早产儿,妊娠期<32周(224天)则为极度早产儿。胎龄在37足周以前出生的活产婴儿称为早产儿或未成熟儿。早产是导致高收入和中等收入国家婴儿死亡的主要原因。WHO表示,早产对幸存的胎儿有一系列不

Medicine:痛风患者发生抑郁障碍的风险较高

抑郁障碍患者的代谢异常比较常见。然而,痛风和抑郁症之间的关系尚不清楚。研究者探讨了痛风,抗痛风的药物和抑郁障碍发生的相关风险的关系。这项队列研究中,研究者从国家健康保险研究数据库招募了34050例痛风患者为痛风组,68100例(无痛风)的对照组,收集样本的数据。研究主要终点为,随访期间抑郁症的诊断。对所有受试者进行随访至诊断为抑郁症,从研究中退出或者研究结束。应用卡方检验分析分类变量和t检验分析连