BMJ:低风险胸痛患者是否需要共享医疗决策呢?

2016-12-05 xing.T MedSci原创

在低风险的急性冠状动脉综合征患者使用的决策辅助,增加患者对他们疾病风险的了解,增加参与度,并安全地减少因心脏检查而住入观察病房的入院率。

最近,顶级医学杂志BMJ上发表了一篇研究文章,在可疑急性冠脉综合征患者接受常规治疗时是选择入院观察和进一步心脏检查或是进行门诊转诊评估,旨在比较共享医疗决策的有效性。 

该研究为多中心实用型平行随机对照试验,以美国六个急救中心为基础。共纳入了898例(年龄>17岁)主诉为胸痛的患者,这些患者正在考虑住入观察病房进行心脏检查(451名参与者被分配到辅助决策组和447名参与者分配入常规医疗组),共有361名急救医务人员(急救医生、护士、医师助理)来照顾胸部疼痛患者。 

患者被一个基于网络的电子系统按1:1比例随机分配,分别接受通过辅助决策或常规治疗的共享医疗决策。由病人和看护者顾问选定的主要结果为患者对自身急性冠状动脉综合征的风险和医疗选择的了解程度;次要结果为参与住院决策、入院进行心脏检查的患者比例,以及30天主要心脏不良事件的发生率。 

相比于常规治疗组,在决策辅助组的患者对急性冠状动脉综合征的风险和医疗选择更了解(回答正确死亡问题:决策辅助为4.2 vs. 常规治疗为3.6;平均差为0.6695%可信区间为0.46-0.86),并且更多的患者参与到了治疗决策中(观察患者参与评分:辅助决策为18.3 vs. 常规治疗为7.9;平均差为10.395%可信区间为9.1-11.5),以及不经常与临床医生商量决策而入院进行心脏检查(辅助决策为37% vs. 常规治疗为52%;绝对差为15%P0.001)。因干预引起的主要不良心脏事件两组间无明显差异。 

由此可见,在低风险的急性冠状动脉综合征患者使用的决策辅助,增加患者对他们疾病风险的了解,增加参与度,并安全地减少因心脏检查而住入观察病房的入院率。 

原始出处: 

Erik P Hess,et al. Shared decision making in patients with low risk chest pain: prospective randomized pragmatic trial. BMJ.05 December 2016. 

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    2017-03-24 gaoxiaoe
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    2016-12-07 chendoc248

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