Cancer Commun:免疫检查点抑制剂治疗结直肠癌的疗效和毒性:真实世界研究

2021-08-06 yd2015 MedSci原创

跟临床研究一样,相对于pMMR/MSI-L/MSS CRC患者,ICB对于dMMR /MSI-H更有效。早期使用ICB效果更好,特别是在pMMR/MSI-L/MSS CRC患者中。

结直肠癌(CRC)是我国以及世界范围内常见的恶性肿瘤。免疫检查点阻断(ICB)已被证实对DNA错配修复缺陷(dMMR)/微卫星高度不稳定(MSI- H)的 CRC有效,但对没有错配修复缺陷(pMMR)/微卫星稳定(MSS) 的CRC无效。但是,目前没有真实世界的研究数据。因此,来自中山大学肿瘤医院研究团队开展了一项真实世界回顾性研究,评估免疫检查点阻断(ICB)在CRC的疗效和毒性。相关结果发表在Cancer Communications杂志上。

研究纳入2017年3月1日至2019年10月1日在中山大学肿瘤医院接受ICB治疗的69例CRC患者。其中52例患者根据MMR状态分为:27例(51.9%)为 dMMR 和25例 为(48.1%) pMMR。50例患者根据MSI状态分为29 例(58.0%)为MSI-H, 2例(4.0%)为MSI-low (MSI-L),和19例(38.0%) 为MSS。在该研究中, dMMR和或MSI-H患者进一步分为dMMR/MSI-H, 既不是dMMR 也不是MSI-H被分为 pMMR/MSI-L/MSS。最终,36例 (52.2%)患者为dMMR/MSI-H,和30例(43.5%)为pMMR/MSI-L/MSS。剩下3例患者 (4.3%) MMR或MSI状态不明。

ICB治疗开始时的中位年龄为45岁(范围16-67岁)。39例(56.5%)为男性。56例(81.2%)患者在ICB治疗开始时为IV期疾病。最常见的原发肿瘤部位为结肠(n=48;69.6%)。21例(30.4%)患者有CRC家族史。

免疫治疗前,进行化疗的有55例(79.7%),靶向治疗有30例(43.5%),手术有38例(55.1%),放疗有11例(15.9%)。另外,手术治疗的38例患者,其中21例为II / III期,17例为IV期。21例II/III期患者均行原发肿瘤切除术,2例在观察到转移性疾病进展时也行转移性肿瘤切除术。在17例接受手术的IV期患者中,16例接受原发肿瘤切除术,13例接受转移切除术(7例接受根治性手术,6例接受姑息性手术)。17例患者中有3例在观察到疾病进展和新的转移时也接受了转移瘤切除术。

初始诊断CRC到第一次ICB治疗的中位时间为6.2个月 (0.2-124.1个月)。ICB作为新辅助治疗有13例(18.8%),一线治疗有16例(23.2%),二线或后线治疗有40例(58.0%)。免疫治疗的中位持续时间为68天(1-939天),免疫治疗周期的中位数为4个(1-39)。在69例患者中,22例(31.9%)患者对ICB有应答,其中完全缓解(CR) 9例(13.0%),部分缓解(PR) 13例(18.8%)。18例(26.1%)患者病情稳定。其余29例(42.0%)患者病情进展(PD),中位PFS持续时间为2.1个月(0.3-30.6)。跟临床研究类似,dMMR/MSI-H患者的ORR和DCR高于pMMR/MSI-L/MSS患者(50.0% vs. 13.3%,P = 0.002; 75.0% vs. 43.3%, P = 0.003)。接受ICB作为新辅助治疗、一线治疗和二线或后期治疗的患者的ORR分别为84.6%、50.0%和7.5% (P <0.001),而DCR分别为分别为92.3%、87.5%和35.0% (P<0.001)。

所有患者截止2021年1月4日,中位随访15.1个月(0.3-38.0),中位OS尚未达到。中位PFS 为6.3个月,1年OS和PFS率分别为72.2%和46.4%。

               OS和PFS

单变量分析发现,dMMR/MSI-H状态和早期免疫治疗的使用与良好的OS显著相关(P<0.001, P<0.001)和PFS (P<0.001, P <0.001)。多变量分析显示,MMR/MSI状态与OS和PFS显著相关,而早期免疫治疗仅与PFS显著相关。dMMR/MSI-H患者的长期生存分析发现,早期使用ICB较晚期使用能够改善患者OS和PFS。在pMMR/MSI-L/MSS 患者中, 早期应用ICB 和联合治疗改善OS(P =0.020, P = 0.011)和PFS(P = 0.004, P < 0.001)。

               不同分组OS和PFS

65例患者报告了治疗相关不良事件(TRAE)。11例(15.9%)患者出现3级TRAE,5例(7.2%)发生4级TRAE。所有TRAE得到了成功的治疗。只有两个病人因TRAE而停止ICB治疗。

综上,跟临床研究一样,相对于pMMR/MSI-L/MSS CRC患者,ICB对于dMMR /MSI-H更有效。早期使用ICB效果更好,特别是在pMMR/MSI-L/MSS CRC患者中。真实世界治疗中,联合治疗可以延长pMMR/MSI-L/MSS CRC患者的OS和PFS,但不能延长dMMR/MSI-H CRC患者的OS和PFS。

原始出处:

Zhou C, Jiang T, Li R, et al. Outcomes and toxicities of immune checkpoint inhibitors in colorectal cancer: a real-world retrospective analysis. Cancer Commun (Lond). 2021 Jul 30. doi: 10.1002/cac2.12199. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34327863.

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    2021-12-05 liuli5079
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    2022-03-31 jklm09
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    2021-08-06 内科新手

    谢谢梅斯提供这么好的信息,学到很多

    0

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