Sci Rep:自闭症可能与mGluR5编码基因有关

2016-01-22 MedSci MedSci原创

据CDC的调查显示,美国约有1/68的儿童患有自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)。特点是重复动作与困难的沟通和社会交往,自闭症仍是一个神秘的障碍。但是研究人员尚不了解自闭症的病因和大脑的内在作用机制。 20世纪40年代,自闭症被官方确认存在,人们普遍认为这是孩子受早期环境影响所致。然而,双胞胎研究证明ASD具有遗传性,引发研究人员寻找相关基因。 费城儿童医院的Hakon Hakonarson博士和同事开始着

据CDC的调查显示,美国约有1/68的儿童患有自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)。特点是重复动作与困难的沟通和社会交往,自闭症仍是一个神秘的障碍。但是研究人员尚不了解自闭症的病因和大脑的内在作用机制。 


20世纪40年代,自闭症被官方确认存在,人们普遍认为这是孩子受早期环境影响所致。然而,双胞胎研究证明ASD具有遗传性,引发研究人员寻找相关基因。
 
费城儿童医院的Hakon Hakonarson博士和同事开始着手探究自闭症潜在的分子标记及其在其他疾病中的作用。 

值得注意的是,自闭症患者通常也患有许多不同的遗传疾病。例如,ASD通常与22q11.2删除相关综合症(也称为先天性胸腺发育不全综合症)、脆性X综合征和结节性硬化症相伴随存在。尽管人们并不了解ASD的疾病成因、机制及患者的临床表现,但是脆性X综合征和结节性硬化症的作用机制相对好理解一些,研究人员打算由此入手。 

研究发现,一种谷氨酸受体(mGluR5)似乎与这些遗传病明显相关。例如,研究人员已经证明mGluR5对脆性X综合征小鼠模型的自闭症表现具有反向相关作用。 

mGluR5的编码基因为RANBP1,这一基因与许多精神疾病密切相关。 

Hakonarson博士着重探究自闭症患者与22q11.2删除相关综合症患者的mGluR5功能差异。

尽管22q11.2删除综合征发生率为1/2000-4000人,但医务人员很难发现它的存在。它主要是由于22号染色体出现了一些突变,这些突变导致患者出现无数的健康问题如肠道疾病、心脏疾病、免疫系统功能失调、面部感觉和口感障碍和学习障碍等。

研究团队539名自闭症儿童与75名22 q11.2缺失综合症患者(其中25名出现自闭症症状)的DNA进行比较,以探究RANBP1基因是否复制或缺失。

Hakonarson博士既往研究表明,自闭症患者的RANBP1基因有可能改变。在这一研究中,22 q11.2缺失综合症合并自闭症患者的mGluR基因是否出现相同变化。 

Hakonarson博士认为,研究表明,ASD和22 q.11.2缺失综合症与RANBP1基因关系密切。此外,若mGluR蛋白质结构多处中断则会导致患者出现更严重的疾病。因此,RANBP1基因突变会导致患者出现自闭症症状,或许伴随更严重的症状。但他们表示仍需进行更进一步的探究。

原始出处:
Wenger TL, Kao C, McDonald-McGinn DM, Zackai EH, Bailey A, Schultz RT, Morrow BE, Emanuel BS, Hakonarson H. The role of mGluR copy number variation in genetic and environmental forms of syndromic autism spectrum disorde,Sci Rep. 2016 Jan 19;6:19372. doi: 10.1038/srep19372.

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    2016-01-24 1de3b290m83(暂无匿称)

    也有基因的激活及表达~调控,不是理论来的简单

    0

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    2016-01-24 xiongke014
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    2016-01-23 dhzzm

    希望有突破性进展

    0

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导致民众患自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)的风险因素十分复杂的,且十分庞大。这研究探究加拿大女性孕期服用抗抑郁药物对儿童患自闭症谱系障碍的影响。怀孕期间使用抗抑郁药对孕妇和孩子的影响仍然争论补休。医生也不清楚是否应该为孕妇开具抗抑郁药。若开具抗抑郁药物,可能胎儿有不利影响,如果不开具则对母亲有不利影响。在美国,有1/10的孕妇服用抗抑郁药物。面对孕妇普遍使用抗抑郁药物,研究人员认为他们有必要进行深入了解。

Cereb Cortex:早产儿长大后患自闭症风险增加!

近几十年来重症监护专业大力发展,在妊娠早期分娩产出的极早产儿生存率越来越高。然而,研究人员发现,孕13周后出生的新生儿长大后出现严重脑损伤、自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)、多动症和学习困难的风险增加。 研究人员认为,可能是由于这些孩子在大脑发育的关键时期过早地体验了较大的压力,因此导致ASD的出现。 据CDC报道,在美国,约1/68的儿童患有自闭症。且ASD出现在所有种族和任何社会经济地位的家庭,且男孩

Neuron:自闭症与精神分裂症可能都与同一个基因Shank3有关

报道:人们都知道,精神疾病有着强烈的遗传成分,但是,解开导致疾病的基因网络,是一项艰巨的任务。科学家已经发现了数百个在精神疾病(如自闭症)中发生突变的基因,但每个病人通常只有这些变化中的少数几个。 更为复杂的是,这些基因中的一些,可能导致一种以上的疾病。其中一个这样的基因,称为Shank3,与自闭症和精神分裂症都有关联。 现在,美国麻省理工学院(MIT)的神经科学家已经阐明了“一个单一的基因如