Int J Infect Dis:多学科讨论 手术路径中优化抗菌药处方能解决抗菌药耐药问题吗?

2017-09-27 梁舒瑶 环球医学

迄今为止,关于手术抗菌药处方的研究主要集中在术前,在很大程度上仅限于预防、住院患者和SSI。2017年7月,发表在《Int J Infect Dis》的一项由英国、南非和印度科学家进行的研究,考察了手术路径中如何改善抗菌药使用的系统水平。请看本期多学科讨论组临床药师各抒己见为您梳理本文看点——

迄今为止,关于手术抗菌药处方的研究主要集中在术前,在很大程度上仅限于预防、住院患者和SSI。2017年7月,发表在《Int J Infect Dis》的一项由英国、南非和印度科学家进行的研究,考察了手术路径中如何改善抗菌药使用的系统水平。请看本期多学科讨论组临床药师各抒己见为您梳理本文看点——

手术路径(手术前、中和后)中优化抗生素处方是解决抗生素耐药性重要驱动因素的一个关键方面,并且能同时降低全球感染的负担。仅在英国,每年有1000万名患者经历手术,相当于每年住院患者中有60%需要手术干预。绝大多数手术过程需要有效给予有限的抗生素以防止感染。来自世界各地的证据表明手术预防的抗生素是无效的,或者在术后不适当的持续时间内被延长。无效的抗生素预防可能导致手术部位感染(SSI),是一个重大的全球疾病负担。世界卫生组织估算手术患者的术后SSI率高达50%(取决于手术类型),尤其在低和中等收入国家。在这些国家中,SSI是最常报道的健康护理相关感染。在欧洲医院中,SSI仅占全部健康护理相关感染的19.6%。许多手术感染管理的科学研究与感染预防、手术室控制、手术预防和SSI管理相关,许多研究针对术后30日内的感染。但是值得注意的是,SSI仅代表多种术后感染类型之一。本文概述了手术路径并考虑感染管理和每步路径的抗生素处方。本文的目的是识别研究的意义和系统改善的机会。

多学科讨论记实:

本研究证实了优化整个手术途径的抗菌药处方是解决抗菌药耐药性重要驱动因素的关键,研究要点为:1、来自世界各地的证据表明,用于手术预防的抗菌药无效;2、许多手术感染管理中的证据与感染预防和控制、手术预防以及SSI的管理相关;3、概述了手术路径并考虑感染管理和每步路径的抗生素处方。

世界卫生组织(WHO)最近出版了预防SSI的指南,对预防SSI提供了详细和循证的建议,包括手术抗菌药预防。该指南建议延长超出外科手术的抗菌药预防措施以预防SSI。此外,WHO建议全球监测SSI作为任何预防和控制感染计划的关键组成部分。但是,SSI监督通常执行不力,实践中存在不一致之处,包括监督类型、持续时间和质量。

研究人员对密歇根匹兹堡干预措施的实施情况进行了广泛的回顾,以预防英国重症监护病房血液感染。研究人员报告说,当地文化对干预结局非常重要。此外,据报道,最成功的医疗机构通过将干预措施同当地环境适当地结合来推动和实施预防。在手术中,一个关键步骤是更好地与外科医生接触,并将他们纳入抗菌药管理计划。随着抗菌药耐药性驱动的威胁越来越大,迫切需要了解如何最大限度地减少感染负担,并优化整个手术途径的抗菌药使用。

抗菌药使用方面的干预措施往往仅考虑、解决患者途径这一个点,其注意力主要集中在预防性抗菌药的使用上。而多种干预措施有可能影响手术患者的感染相关结局。需要从社会科学的视角去探索在手术中使用抗菌药的文化背景决定因素,这有可能提供可持续改善质量和手术安全的措施。识别和绘制不同医疗机构中当前的外科行为者和行为,能针对当地患者人群的具体情况进行干预,并确保在全球范围内手术安全实施的平等性。

原始出处:
Charani E, Ahmad R, Tarrant C, et al.Opportunities for system level improvement in antibiotic use across the surgical pathway.Int J Infect Dis. 2017;60:29-34. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2017.04.020.

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    2017-09-29 lhlxtx
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