盘点:静脉曲张近期重要研究进展汇总

2018-05-28 MedSci MedSci原创

静脉曲张是指由于血液淤滞、静脉管壁薄弱等因素,导致的静脉迂曲、扩张。身体多个部位的静脉均可发生曲张,比如痔疮其实就是一种静脉曲张,临床可见的还有食管胃底静脉曲张、精索静脉曲张及腹壁静脉曲张等等。这里梅斯小编整理了近期关于静脉曲张的重要研究进展与大家一同分享。 【1】急性非静脉曲张性上消化道出血的高危患者急诊内镜的结局和作用 近日,一项新的研究评估了急性非静脉曲张性上消化道出血(UG

静脉曲张是指由于血液淤滞、静脉管壁薄弱等因素,导致的静脉迂曲、扩张。身体多个部位的静脉均可发生曲张,比如痔疮其实就是一种静脉曲张,临床可见的还有食管胃底静脉曲张、精索静脉曲张及腹壁静脉曲张等等。这里梅斯小编整理了近期关于静脉曲张的重要研究进展与大家一同分享。

【1】急性非静脉曲张性上
消化道出血的高危患者急诊内镜的结局和作用

近日,一项新的研究评估了急性非静脉曲张性上消化道出血(UGIB)高风险患者的临床结局,并确定急诊内镜检查是否有效。纳入了于2005年1月1日至2014年12月31日期间在急诊因急性非静脉曲张性UGIB而接受内镜检查的且格拉斯哥-Blatchford评分>7的患者。在961例患者中,571例接受了急诊内镜检查。28天死亡率为2.5%,再出血率为10.4%。研究人员分析在死亡率、输注红细胞悬液、需要干预、栓塞上存在显著差异,但在再出血、入住ICU、升压药的使用和住院长短方面接受急诊和择期内镜检查的患者没有差异。死亡率与恶性肿瘤、肝硬化、急诊内镜检查,失败的主要内镜治疗和再出血相关。再出血和Forrest I溃疡,Forrest II溃疡和凝血功能障碍相关。由此可见,急诊内镜检查是降低死亡率的独立预测因子,但在高危急性非静脉曲张性UGIB患者中与再出血不相关。

【2】肝硬化胃底静脉曲张破裂出血患者急性肾损伤增加死亡风险


国际肝硬化腹水指南(ICA)是肝硬化患者急性肾损伤(AKI)诊断和治疗的重要临床依据。近日研究人员评估了ICA- AKI的诊断标准与胃底静脉曲张破裂出血(GVB)的肝硬化患者预后的关系。研究人员对台北荣民总医院,2007-2010年间肝硬化患者首次急性GVB治疗相关数据进行回顾分析,113名患者参与研究,其中46人满足ICA-AKI,70%的患者处于AKI第1阶段。Child-Pugh评分、入院时血压和术前输血单位数是独立的AKI预测因子。AKI患者中,30%出现进展并导致进展性肝病,其特征为低血钠、输血增加、感染频率高以及血清肌酐升高。AKI患者6周的死亡风险显著高于非AKI患者,且AKI阶段是独立的3个月生存期预测因素。发现胃底静脉曲张破裂出血的肝硬化患者,出现急性肾损伤的现象十分普遍,导致患者6周内的死亡风险增加,急性肾损伤与患者3个月的生存率显著相关。

【3】食管胃底静脉曲张出血应即可使用止血粉

急性静脉曲张出血(AVB)需要经验丰富的内镜医生进行早期治疗,这在医疗资源欠发达地区难以实现。近日研究人员考察了早期使用止血粉对食管胃底静脉曲张出血的治疗效果。共纳入了86名患者参与研究,其中止血粉组43人。这43名患者中5人接受止血粉治疗后失败,4人接受抢救性内镜止血,1人重复内镜止血前死亡。对照组43人中,13人临床止血失败接受抢救性内镜止血。治疗6周后,止血粉组患者的生存率显著高于对照组。表明止血粉可提高食管胃底静脉曲张出血患者内镜治疗止血率和存活率。

【4】新校准的MELD和肝性脑病是肝硬化患者急性静脉曲张出血的预后因素

既往研究表明,以终末期肝病模型(MELD)为基础的评分能够准确预测6周死亡率,并对患者进行分层。一项前瞻性多中心Baveno IV研究旨在确定与6周死亡率相关的因素,并关注出血活跃的预后价值;评估重新校准的MELD评分是否能够准确预测6周死亡率。219例患者纳入研究分析。42天生存率的总体可能性为84%。内窥镜下诊断出血活跃的变异性较高。在整个人群中,内镜下出血活跃与6周死亡率不相关;Child-Pugh B患者中,内镜下出血活跃也与6周死亡率不相关。多变量分析表明,与死亡率相关的独立因素,包括肝脏功能,感染,HE和HCC。新校正的以MELD为基础的评分能够准确预测6周死亡率。相比MELD评分,新校正的以MELD为基础的评分表现出更好的性能。表明新校正的以MELD为基础的评分能够准确预测死亡率。内镜下出血活跃对肝硬化患者急性静脉曲张出血无预后价值。

【5】基于脾脏硬度检测和Baveno VI标准的联合模型,可排除晚期慢性肝脏患者的高危静脉曲张

Baveno VI指南建议,肝硬度测量(LSM) < 20 kPa和血小板计数> 150000 /mm(3)的晚期慢性肝脏(cACLD)患者,可避免食管胃十二指肠检查(EGD)。一项研究回顾性分析本旨在评估脾脏硬度测量(SSM)在排除高危静脉曲张(HRV)患者中的表现;在大量人群中验证Baveno VI标准;评估何如连续使用Baveno VI标准和SSM,避免内镜检查的需要。研究纳入了498例2012年至2016年期间接受过LSM/SSM(纤维扫描(TE))、血小板计数和EGDs的患者。结果显示,SSM、LSM、血小板计数和Child-Pugh-B是HRV的独立预测因素。应用新定义的SSM临界值(≤46 kPa)或Baveno VI标准,35.8%和21.7%的患者在内部验证队列可避免EGD;只有2%的患者在两种情况下错过了EGD。SSM与Baveno VI标准的结合使用,使22.5%的患者避免了EGDs。结果在外部验证队列中,得到证实,Baveno VI标准联合SSM≤46 kPa,可以使37.4%的患者避免EGDs;相比之下,仅采用Baveno VI 标准,可使得16.5%的患者,避免EGDs。表明SSM与Baveno VI标准联合的新的模型,可能有助于排除HRV,并可能使避免大量患者避免不必要的EGDs。

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    2018-12-31 fusion
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1697699, encodeId=5f55169e699b3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f2399910109' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#静脉#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99101, encryptionId=f2399910109, topicName=静脉)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0bc129907796, createdName=fusion, createdTime=Mon Dec 31 01:40:00 CST 2018, time=2018-12-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=320059, encodeId=ea253200599c, content=了解一下.谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zMoyicyo6ia9f4IuLQAwZoxD6Hx4ibd5CMcOCYhStY6oDibbKK6O2X8iaicldO5ib8j1iapOIobIKCGiczU2A/0, createdBy=56251941490, createdName=虈亣靌, createdTime=Wed May 30 22:47:18 CST 2018, time=2018-05-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1381024, encodeId=e76113810240d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9281e34519b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#研究进展#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=12, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73451, encryptionId=9281e34519b, topicName=研究进展)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f13d475, createdName=mashirong, createdTime=Wed May 30 06:40:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=319433, encodeId=2f53319433fe, content=对临床很有帮助.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zMoyicyo6ia9f4IuLQAwZoxD6Hx4ibd5CMcOCYhStY6oDibbKK6O2X8iaicldO5ib8j1iapOIobIKCGiczU2A/0, createdBy=56251941490, createdName=虈亣靌, createdTime=Mon May 28 20:07:13 CST 2018, time=2018-05-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-05-30 虈亣靌

    了解一下.谢谢分享!

    0

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    2018-05-28 虈亣靌

    对临床很有帮助.学习了

    0