JEADV:特应性皮炎小鼠模型中的微生物生态失调模拟人类微生物组的变化研究

2022-02-07 医路坦克 MedSci原创

研究AD的选择模型需要在适用的情况下表征皮肤微生物区系,以及恶唑酮介导的混合Th1-Th2免疫反应触发微生物区系诱导的改变,这与人类AD的生物失调有相似之处。

      皮肤是我们最大的器官,有许多的功能,除了调节体温和湿度外,它还可以保护我们免受不同的环境因素的侵害,并且是抵御有害微生物,毒素或其他潜在有害物质。皮肤有自己的微生物组成,它与皮肤细胞和免疫系统一起构成屏障防御的功能单元。

      在健康条件下,人体皮肤微生物群主要由葡萄球菌、丙酸杆菌和棒状杆菌等细菌和放线菌组成平衡的皮肤微生物群的破坏通常会导致多种皮肤疾病,如特应性皮炎(AD),其中金黄色葡萄球菌和其他致病微生物定植在皮肤上,普遍存在于健康的皮肤菌群中。(前面半句说微生物破坏会引发疾病,后面半句又是再说金黄色葡萄球菌会存在健康菌群中。逻辑有点问题,你修改一下逻辑吧。)皮肤微生物群的改变在AD中可能有不同的来源。皮肤微生物群平衡的破坏通常与皮肤疾病有关,如特应性皮炎(AD),其中金黄色葡萄球菌和其他致病微生物在皮肤上定植,普遍存在于健康的皮肤菌群中。(和前面一句重复了……)

      高水平的细胞因子,如IL-4/IL-13,以及IL-33和TSLP抑制了抗菌肽(AMPs)人β防御素-2(HBD-2)和HBD-3的表达,这促进了致病微生物在皮肤上的定居。此外,微生物组组成的变化是由皮肤pH值的增加推动的,这在AD患者中是典型的,这降低了皮肤的抗菌力。由于AD的异质性和复杂性,开发了几种小鼠模型来研究该疾病的不同方面。使用转基因或敲除来确定单个基因或信号传导途径的生物学相关性。此外,自发发展AD的小鼠有助于了解特定基因组突变在疾病发展中的作用。此外,由维生素D,其类似物或恶唑酮诱导的小鼠AD模型已被广泛用于研究疾病进展的机制。卡泊三醇通过与角质形成细胞上表达的维生素D受体结合,诱导TSLP触发的炎症级联反应,其特征是炎症细胞募集和促炎细胞因子释放,导致皮肤屏障功能障碍。相反,重复恶唑酮应用诱导全身混合的Th1-Th2介导的过敏反应,其中IFN-α和TNF-α释放在角质形成细胞中的IL-33诱导中起关键作用,引起与人AD相当的皮肤炎症反应.然而,这些模型是否也能重现人类AD中观察到的皮肤微生物组变化仍然未知。

     因此,我们调查了两种AD模型中诱导的表型改变是否导致了与人类AD相似的微生物区系改变。如果微生物群改变是这项研究的重点,这样的模型将适用于AD的研究。分析两种常用AD小鼠模型的皮肤微生物群,以评估其在实验研究中的适用性。

     局部应用钙泊三醇或恶唑酮诱导小鼠AD。在类似AD样皮炎的诱导(包括IgE诱导)之后,对皮肤微生物群落进行了分析,并与人类AD进行了比较。

    我们检测到患病皮肤微生物区系组成的关键差异。与钙泊三醇治疗相比,应用恶唑酮导致皮肤微生物区系发生显著变化,细菌丰富度急剧下降。此外,葡萄球菌的扩增,特别是S(S是啥?前面好像并没有说明)。口恶唑酮组也有木质醇,且与pH、TEWL、IL-4、TSLP、IL-33等AD关键指标呈正相关。

    结果:(A)研究AD的选择模型需要在适用的情况下表征皮肤微生物区系,以及(B)恶唑酮介导的混合Th1-Th2免疫反应触发微生物区系诱导的改变,这与人类AD的生物失调有相似之处,因此如果微生物群的改变是研究的重点,那么它代表了一个适合于AD翻译研究的模型。

文献来源:Y. Amar,E. Schneider,M. K€oberle,Microbial dysbiosis in a mouse model of atopic dermatitis mimics shifts in human microbiome and correlates with the key pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-4, IL-33 and TSLP,JEADV,2022

 

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    2022-06-05 医星人

    随着人体皮肤微生态研究的深入,很多传统分子化学药物将会被生物活菌制剂替代,无毒无副作用的以菌治菌方式进入新医疗文明时代。传统护肤品势必会被淘汰。

    0

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