BJD:大疱性类天疱疮和寻常型天疱疮患者的病因特异性死亡率研究

2022-02-03 医路坦克 MedSci原创

大疱性类天疱疮(BP)和寻常型天疱疮(PV)是发病率正在增加的自身免疫性皮肤病,呼吸系统疾病是BP患者最常见的死亡原因,而PV心血管疾病是最常见的并发症。

      大疱性类天疱疮(BP)和寻常型天疱疮(PV)是发病率正在增加的自身免疫性皮肤病,它们的高死亡率较高。由于BP和PV患者经常合并有严重副作用的治疗,他们可以死于各种原因。以前没有对BP和PV的病因特异性死亡率进行系统综述。因此,这项研究的目的是检查BP和PV患者的死亡原因。

     该研究方案遵循系统评价和荟萃分析(PRISMA)指南的首选报告项目。2020年10月10日,应用计算机检索MEDLINE、Embase和Cochrane临床对照试验中央登记系统,检索词为MEDLINE、Embase和Cochrane Central Register of Control Trials。随机对照试验(RCT)和队列研究被包括在内,研究必须报告至少一项关于BP或PV患者特定原因死亡率的测量。三位作者使用乔安娜·布里格斯研究所的队列研究工具进行了独立的研究筛选、数据提取和质量评估。通过讨论解决了差异。我们将高质量的研究定义为那些至少随访1年的研究和年龄和性别相匹配的对照组,因为这些标准最大限度地减少了偏见和混淆性。

     对于每项研究,比例死亡率(PM)是通过将特定原因造成的死亡人数除以总死亡人数来计算的。标准化死亡率(SMR)是通过观察死亡除以参考人群中的预期死亡来计算的。Meta分析使用DerSimonia和Laird随机效应模型,确定(I)合并PM和(Ii)合并死因SMR(如果有)。异质性用I2进行评估(>75%定义为相当大的异质性)。

     所有研究均纳入PM的荟萃分析。BP患者合并PM最高的是呼吸系统疾病[34%;95%可信区间(CI)21-47(I2=80.8%)],而心血管疾病主要是PV[34%;95%CI 18-50(I2=76.8%)]。合并心力衰竭的SMR为118.86(95%CI为35.84~394.19;I2=89%)。广泛的顺应性和较少的研究数量(n=3)表明这些结果可能不可靠,因此在解释这些数据时必须谨慎。混合SMR和PM均具有相当大的异质性(I2>75%)。

     呼吸系统疾病是BP患者最常见的死亡原因,而PV心血管疾病是最常见的并发症。观察到心力衰竭导致的死亡是18%,BP患者比参考人群高9%;但是,这个结果没有统计学意义。这些结果的原因尚不确定,但治疗可能有贡献,特别是口服皮质类固醇,这是常用的,具有广泛的代谢和免疫抑制作用。

    这项研究的优势在于我们能够汇集PM。这项研究的方法论局限在于缺乏高质量的研究和报告SMR的研究。考虑到大多数研究的规模较小且以医院为基础,本综述表明当前文献的概括性较差,需要大规模的基于人群的队列研究,这也将允许基于治疗、合并症和疾病特征的亚组分析。未来的研究还需要适当的对照组、更长的随访时间和人-年的衡量标准,才能计算死亡率。最近一项包括56项研究在内的关于BP全原因死亡率的系统综述报告称,随访的整体质量很差。研究人员应该改进对这些严重的自身免疫性水泡疾病死亡率测量的报告,这是有意义的。

文献来源:A. Hasanaj,F. Zaki,K.E. Harman,Cause-specific mortality in people with bullous pemphigoid and pemphigus vulgaris: a systematic review and meta-analysis,British Journal of Dermatology (2021)

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    2022-07-16 cenghis
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