Acta Neuropathologica: 具有SMARCA4突变的非典型畸胎样/横纹肌样肿瘤在分子水平上不同于SMARCB1缺陷病例

2021-02-18 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

恶性横纹肌样肿瘤(MRTs)是一种高度侵袭性的恶性肿瘤,通常累及幼儿和婴儿。这种肿瘤可以发生在身体的任何部位,但大多数(66%)在中枢神经系统(CNS)中被发现。

恶性横纹肌样肿瘤(MRTs)是一种高度侵袭性的恶性肿瘤,通常累及幼儿和婴儿。这种肿瘤可以发生在身体的任何部位,但大多数(66%)在中枢神经系统(CNS)中被发现,在CNS中它们被称为非典型畸胎样/横纹肌样肿瘤(ATRT)。即使在儿科肿瘤学中,ATRT也是一个罕见的肿瘤实体。尽管如此,它仍是12个月以下儿童最常见的胚胎性中枢神经系统肿瘤。

SWI/SNF(SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable)染色质重构复合物的功能缺失突变是一个独立于肿瘤位置的特征,是所有MRTs中唯一的复发性基因改变。在绝大多数MRT中,致病性变体(以下简称"突变")影响SMARCB1基因。在极少数情况下(约为ATRT的0.5-2%),SMARCA4会发生突变。由于这些突变导致相应蛋白的丢失,因此免疫组织化学对SMARCB1或SMARCA4染色的丢失被用作诊断工具从而确保ATRT的诊断。大约三分之一的SMARCB1缺陷型MRT患者携带SMARCB1基因的种系突变。尽管这是非常小的数字,但似乎ATRT-SMARCA4患者更经常是种系突变携带者。此外,后组患者往往更年轻,并且由于生存期更短,他们的肿瘤似乎更具侵袭性。

ATRTs潜在的遗传原因是SMARCB1或SMARCA4(很少)的双等位基因突变失活。与SMARCB1突变病例相比,ATRT-SMARC4与种系突变频率更高、年龄更小和预后更差相关。根据它们的DNA甲基化谱和转录组学,SMARCB1突变的ATRT被分为三个不同的分子亚群:ATRT-TYR、ATRT-SHH和ATRT-MYC。这些亚组在诊断年龄、肿瘤位置、SMARCB1改变类型和总生存率方面存在差异。然而,ATRT-SMARCA4还不太为人所知,它们是否属于所描述的ATRT亚群之一仍不得而知。

本研究通过DNA甲基化分析检测了14个ATRT-SMARCA4。结果发现,它们形成了一个独立的组,与SMARCB1突变的ATRT和其他SMARCA4缺陷型肿瘤,如卵巢小细胞癌、高血钙型(SCCOHT)或SMARCA4突变的颅外恶性横纹肌样肿瘤不同。相反,具有杂合子SMARCA4突变的髓母细胞瘤(MB)样本不单独分组,而是具有已建立的MB亚群。ATRT-SMARCA4的RNA测序证实了基于DNA甲基化谱分析的聚类结果,并显示在SMARCB1缺失的ATRT中不存在上调的典型特征基因。

综上所述,本研究的结果表明,与以往的临床观察一致,ATRT-SMARCA4应被视为一个独特的分子亚群。

Holdhof, D., Johann, P.D., Spohn, M. et al. Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (ATRTs) with SMARCA4 mutation are molecularly distinct from SMARCB1-deficient cases . Acta Neuropathol 141, 291–301 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-020-02250-7

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    2021-12-16 yilong5287542
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    2021-10-30 yb6560
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    2021-09-17 windight
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    2021-03-01 科研科研科研

    会让你痕迹溶解氧肿瘤的缺陷病例

    0

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    2021-02-20 江川靖瑶
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    2021-02-18 jyzxjiangqin

    好文章!

    0

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