Chest:不同病菌和病情的社区获得性肺炎 如何用药?

2018-12-18 常路 环球医学

在社区获得性肺炎(CAP)患者中,包括大环内酯类抗菌药物联合治疗比β-内酰胺单一治疗或与氟喹诺酮类药物联合治疗的死亡率低。然而,在已鉴别出微生物成因的社区获得性肺炎患者中,该影响还没有根据C反应蛋白(CRP)水平进行过研究。2018年11月,发表在《Chest》的一项研究调查了,β-内酰胺/大环内酯类联合治疗对具有不同微生物病原学和炎症状态的社区获得性肺炎患者死亡率的影响。

在社区获得性肺炎(CAP)患者中,包括大环内酯类抗菌药物联合治疗比β-内酰胺单一治疗或与氟喹诺酮类药物联合治疗的死亡率低。然而,在已鉴别出微生物成因的社区获得性肺炎患者中,该影响还没有根据C反应蛋白(CRP)水平进行过研究。2018年11月,发表在《Chest》的一项研究调查了,β-内酰胺/大环内酯类联合治疗对具有不同微生物病原学和炎症状态的社区获得性肺炎患者死亡率的影响。

目的:已知微生物成因的社区获得性肺炎患者中,研究人员旨在评估β-内酰胺+大环内酯类(BL+M)vs氟喹诺酮类药物联合或不联合β-内酰胺(FQ±BL)的30天死亡率。

方法:研究人员分析了前瞻性观察性社区获得性肺炎患者队列,社区获得性肺炎患者1996~2016年入住到巴塞罗那医院门诊部。研究人员仅纳入了具有已知微生物成因的患者。

结果:具有已知病因学的1715名患者中(29%),总共932名患者(54%)接受了BL+M。调整了倾向得分和基线特征后,尽管BL+M组在总体人群中具有较低的粗死亡率(BL+M vs FQ±BL:5% vs 8%;P=0.015),但BL+M仅对具有高炎症应答(C反应蛋白>15mg/dL)和肺炎球菌社区获得性肺炎患者的死亡率具有保护作用(校正OR,0.28;95% CI,0.09~0.93)。不具有高炎症应答和肺炎球菌社区获得性肺炎的人群或具有其他病因学的人群,未观察到对死亡率的获益。

结论:β-内酰胺联合大环内酯类与肺炎球菌社区获得性肺炎患者和具有高全身炎症应答患者死亡率的降低相关。多变量分析显示,当两种因素共同发生时,BL+M对死亡率具有保护作用。

原始出处:

Ceccato A, Cilloniz C, Martin-Loeches I, et al. Effect of Combined β-Lactam / Macrolide Therapy on Mortality According to the Microbial Aetiology and Inflammatory Status of Patients with Community - Acquired Pneumonia. Chest. 2018 Nov 21. pii: S0012-3692(18)32733-8. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2018.11.006.

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