J Exp Med:科学家发现治疗癌症的新方法

2018-03-17 佚名 medicalxpress

科学家们发现,一种称为TAK1的酶在先天免疫反应中起着“双重作用剂”的作用,可以作为炎症和细胞死亡的意外调节剂。这些发现突出表明TAK1抑制作为潜在的癌症治疗手段。

科学家们发现,一种称为TAK1的酶在先天免疫反应中起着“双重作用剂”的作用,可以作为炎症和细胞死亡的意外调节剂。这些发现突出表明TAK1抑制作为潜在的癌症治疗手段。

TAK1是一种已知促进炎症的激酶,TAK1也能抑制炎症。

研究人员在小鼠免疫细胞巨噬细胞中发现,TAK1在抑制炎症和细胞死亡方面起着关键作用,阻断了NLRP3炎性体的自发激活。NLRP3炎性体是一种蛋白质复合物,当激活时,它能帮助先天免疫系统识别并快速防御细菌、病毒和其他威胁。但NLRP3的激活也与人类疾病有关,包括骨髓增生性和炎症性疾病。

自从Kanneganti在十多年前发现它的功能以来,NLRP3一直是超过3500种科学出版物的焦点。该研究的通讯作者Kanneganti说:“尽管NLRP3在炎症、感染和免疫方面进行了不断的研究和核心作用,但对NLRP3的激活及其相关细胞死亡途径的精确调控机制还不清楚。”这些发现表明,TAK1是NLRP3炎性内稳态的中央调控因子。

她说:“这一发现进一步证明,在癌症治疗中,TAK1和其他分子的抑制剂可能会促进肿瘤细胞的死亡。”

NLRP3激活通常需要两个信号。

如果没有TAK1,小鼠骨髓中产生的巨噬细胞在实验室中自然死亡,即使没有信号通常需要激活NLRP3。巨噬细胞与TAK1没有。但是正常的(野生型)巨噬细胞在接受TAK1抑制剂治疗后死亡。

“这种自发的细胞死亡是出乎意料的,”Subbarao Malireddi博士说。“我们继续证明,缺乏TAK1的巨噬细胞死于自发激活的信号通路,促进NLRP3炎症激活和细胞死亡。”

TAK1缺陷的后果包括激活RIPK1和caspase-1酶的生化级联反应。 Caspase-1促使蛋白质如IL-18和IL-1β的产生,其通过炎性细胞死亡途径(pyroptosis)促进炎症和细胞死亡。研究人员还详细介绍了在缺乏TAK1的情况下驱动该过程的其他分子,包括肿瘤坏死因子。

NLRP3是涉及先天性免疫应答的五种主要炎性体之一。然而,Kanneganti及其同事报道,只有NLRP3炎症小体在TAK1不存在时在巨噬细胞中自发活化。

这项研究还增加了TAK1抑制剂可能在癌症免疫治疗中发挥作用的证据。抑制TAK1的化合物在小鼠中停止了细胞增殖,强调了它们在癌症治疗中的潜力。 Kanneganti说,这并不奇怪,因为他们的研究结果显示,与pyroptosis一起,TAK1也能抑制凋亡和坏死细胞死亡途径。

Kanneganti说:“这项研究首次将TAK1,NLRP3炎症小体和RIPK1连接起来,这是第一次将我们对一些关键途径的理解推进。

原始出处:

R.K. Subbarao Malireddi, Prajwal Gurung, Jayadev Mavuluri, et.al. TAK1 restricts spontaneous NLRP3 activation and cell death to control myeloid proliferation. The Journal of Experimental Medicine  March 2, 2018

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    2018-03-17 天地飞扬

    了解一下.谢谢分享!

    0

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    2018-03-17 有备才能无患

    科学家们发现.一种称为TAK1的酶在先天免疫反应中起着[双重作用剂"的作用.可以作为炎症和细胞死亡的意外调节剂.这些发现突出表明TAK1抑制作为潜在的癌症治疗手段.

    0

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    2018-03-17 happsf

    学习

    0

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