Circulation:随机临床试验中采用首发事件与复发事件方法评估结局的比较

2018-04-05 国际循环编辑部 国际循环

大多数3期临床试验以首发事件为终点进行主要和/或次要分析,但慢性疾病的临床事件可发生多次。因此,有人认为“与传统首发事件相比,采用复发事件能更充分地反映疾病负担,具有更好的统计准确度和统计效力”。

大多数3期临床试验以首发事件为终点进行主要和/或次要分析,但慢性疾病的临床事件可发生多次。因此,有人认为“与传统首发事件相比,采用复发事件能更充分地反映疾病负担,具有更好的统计准确度和统计效力”。

为更好地探讨影响随机治疗评估时复发事件与首发事件两种分析方法统计效力的因素,研究者进行重复模拟研究,共计入选4000例患者,以1:1的比例将其随机分配至治疗组与对照组(研究中真实患者风险降低达20%)。对于在首发事件后停止治疗的患者,则认为其随后的风险会恢复至原来安慰剂干预水平。通过模拟,研究评估患者间风险的异质性程度及终止治疗的程度,并将分析结果与实际临床试验中的结果进行比较。

结果发现,随着患者风险异质性程度的增加,采用首发事件及复发事件方法进行结局评估时发现真实风险降低的统计效力均降低,可信区间范围变大。进一步分析发现,随着异质性的增加,复发性事件分析仍能估计真实的RR=0.80,而Cox模型分析的统计分析效力则减弱。此外,复发事件分析的统计效力随事件发生后研究药物停药率的增加而减弱。但当首发事件后停药率≤30%,与首发事件分析相比,复发事件分析方法的统计效力更高;当首发时间后停药率≥60%时,与首发事件分析相比,复发事件分析方法的统计效力则更低;除上述两种情况外,两者的统计效力相似。在几项有关慢性心力衰竭的实际临床试验中,研究者证实采用Cox模型进行分析所评估的治疗效果或减弱,而采用复发事件分析方法统计效力增加的情况在治疗停药率较低的临床试验中更显著。

综上可见,随着患者风险异质性的增加,复发事件和首发事件分析方法的统计效力均会降低。但一般临床研究在进行结局分析时并未将患者间风险异质性考虑其中。对实际临床试验的数据分析和模拟研究分析结果相一致,均发现“在患者异质性较大及干预药物停药率较低时采用复发事件的方法具有更大统计效力”。

原始出处:
Brian Claggett, Stuart Pocock, L. J. Wei, et al. Comparison of Time-to-First Event and Recurrent Event Methods in Randomized Clinical Trials. Circulation. Mar 27, 2018

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    2018-04-21 张新亮1853311252142e2fm

    好文献.学习了

    0

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    2018-04-21 张新亮1853311252142e2fm

    好文献.学习了

    0

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    2018-04-08 秀红

    学习了

    0

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