JAMA子刊:通过母乳将新冠病毒抗体传递给宝宝,孕妈妈该接种哪种疫苗?

2022-03-20 网络 网络

比较4种不同疫苗接种后的人乳抗体反应

感染COVID-19儿童患者病程通常比较轻微,相比之下,新生儿和婴儿更容易因此患上严重疾病。母乳被认为在预防感染方面起着重要作用,母亲在哺乳期接种疫苗不仅可以保护母亲,还可以保护母乳喂养的婴儿,了解其抗体反应效果对于指导医护人员和哺乳期妇女在SARS-CoV-2疫苗接种方面的决策非常重要。本研究旨在比较疫苗接种后母乳中的抗体反应。

荷兰共有4种疫苗可用:2种基于mRNA的疫苗(辉瑞生物技术公司开发的BNT162b2和摩德纳公司开发的mRNA-1273)和2种基于载体的疫苗(牛津/阿斯利康公司开发的AZD1222和强生/杨森公司开发的Ad26.COV2.S)。接受其中一种疫苗全面接种的哺乳期妇女有资格参加这项前瞻性纵向研究。每个参与者在100天的时间内收集了17份母乳样本。数据收集发生在1月至2021年7月。获得阿姆斯特丹大学医学中心伦理委员会的伦理批准。获得所有参与者的书面知情同意书。

如前所述,使用带有SARS-CoV-2棘突蛋白的酶联免疫吸附试验来评估母乳中的IgA和IgG抗体。母乳中IgA的光密度450 nm截止值为0.5(敏感性68%;特异性99%)和母乳中IgG的光密度450 nm截止值为0.2(敏感性96%;特异性99%)时,样品结果被视为阳性。对于每种疫苗,计算出可检测抗体的参与者百分比,并分别显示在IgA和IgG的Kaplan-Meier曲线中。

结果显示,在基线检查时牛奶中检测到SARS-CoV-2特异性抗体或之前聚合酶链反应检测呈阳性(7例)的参与者被排除在进一步分析之外,因此,最终分析包括来自124名哺乳期母亲的1650份母乳样本。

在研究期间,牛奶中检测到IgA和IgG的参与者百分比

图A显示了研究期间可检测到IgA的参与者百分比。几乎所有接受基于mRNA的疫苗的参与者的乳汁中都检测到IgA,接种BNT162b2和mRNA-1273疫苗后的母乳抗体阳性比例分别为96%和97%。对于接受基于载体的疫苗的参与者来说,这一比例明显较低,因为在AZD1222和Ad26治疗后,分别只有39%和48%的样本显示出可检测的IgA。

研究期间可检测到IgG的参与者百分比如图B所示。在两剂BNT162b2、MRNA-1273和AZD1222疫苗后,所有参与者都显示出可检测的IgG,但阳性检出时间较长且不一致。

基于研究发现,研究者认为母乳中最丰富的抗体是IgA,它在抵御入侵病毒的第一道防线中起着关键作用。尽管据没有任何研究表明母乳IgA可以直接预防呼吸道感染,但这种抗体很可能起到关键作用。当哺乳妇女想要将抗体传递给婴儿时,基于mRNA的疫苗是最佳选择。

参考文献:Juncker HG, Mulleners SJ, Coenen ERM, van Goudoever JB, van Gils MJ, van Keulen BJ. Comparing Human Milk Antibody Response After 4 Different Vaccines for COVID-19. JAMA Pediatr. Published online March 14, 2022. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.0084

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    2022-09-14 lg.zhao
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    2022-03-17 villahu
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