Dig Dis Sci:胆汁酸腹泻患者血清和回肠末端成纤维细胞生长因子19明显下调且与疾病严重程度相关

2022-03-31 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

由胆汁酸引起的腹泻传统上被称为胆汁酸吸收障碍;然而,这种描述并不完全正确。在回肠疾病中,胆汁酸吸收障碍也是如此。先天性胆汁酸吸收障碍机制被识别时,最初称为胆汁性肠病。

胆汁酸腹泻 (BAD),也称为胆汁酸吸收不良 (BAM),是慢性腹泻的常见原因。其机制是过量的胆汁酸到达结肠,与GPBAR1或TGR5相互作用,导致结肠运动和液体分泌增加。胆汁酸腹泻是 25-50%慢性腹泻患者的腹泻原因,据推断,中国有超过一千万的BAD患者。由于缺乏认识和可获得的诊断选择,很少有人被诊断出来。根据潜在的病理生理学,胆汁酸腹泻分为三大类:I 型——回肠疾病或切除,回肠没有足够的胆汁酸重吸收;II 型——特发性,可能与来自回肠的成纤维细胞生长因子 19 (FGF19) 水平低有关;或 III 型——胆汁酸腹泻的继发性原因,如小肠细菌过度生长、胆囊切除术和慢性胰腺炎。两种血清生物标志物 7a-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one (C4) 和 FGF19被经常用来作为判断胆汁酸腹泻类型的诊断,C4 是肝脏胆固醇合成胆汁酸过程中限速步骤的代谢中间体,与粪便中胆汁酸的流失有关,C4 测试所需的设备限制了其在中国的应用。

相比之下,血清 FGF19 是使用商业酶联免疫吸附测定法测量的,该测定法便于在临床环境中进行。FGF19 是一种由回肠肠细胞在核法尼醇 X 受体(通常通过吸收的胆汁酸)刺激后释放的激素,为肝细胞中的胆汁酸合成提供负反馈,目前的研究调查了具有正常结构和组织学远端回肠的慢性腹泻患者血清和远端回肠中的 FGF19 水平。本研究旨在阐明血清 FGF19 水平对确诊为 BAD 的患者的诊断价值。

本项研究总共收集了60名慢性腹泻患者和80名健康志愿者 (HV)。根据 HV 血清 7a-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one (C4) 的第 90 个百分位水平,将这些患者分为 BAD 组 (C4≥90th) 和非胆汁酸腹泻组 (NBAD, C4<90th) )。然后比较两个临床组和HV组的血清FGF19水平,以及临床组的远端回肠FGF19水平。最后评估了血清 FGF19 对 BAD 的诊断价值。

研究结果显示HV组血清C4的第90个百分位数为65.87 ng/ml。BAD 组(中位数 69.28 pg/ml;n = 23)的血清 FGF19 浓度显着低于 HV组(中位数 122.18 pg/ml;n= 80)和 NBAD(中位数 129.57 pg/ml;n = 29)组。BAD组回肠末端FGF19 mRNA低于NBAD组(P =0.002)。BAD组和NBAD组回肠末端FGF19蛋白低表达率分别为78.3%和48.3%,(P =0.027)。使用 ROC 曲线,统计分析得出 BAD 临床诊断的阈值 FGF19 浓度为 117.3 pg/ml(AUC,0.906;91.3% 敏感性,79.3% 特异性)。

图:不同患者成纤维细胞生长因子19水平差异

本项研究证实在 BAD 患者中,FGF19 的血清和远端回肠表达显着降低。血清FGF19<117.3 pg/ml 可以作为对具有正常结构和组织学回肠的 BAD 患者具有高敏感性和特异性的筛查阈值。

原始出处:

Chunxia Chang. Et al. Downregulation of Serum and Distal Ileum Fibroblast Growth Factor19 in Bile Acid Diarrhoea Patients.Digestive Diseases and Sciences.2022.

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    2022-03-29 Tamikia
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