EHJ:实锤了!戒烟,而不是少吸烟,才能减少中风和心梗风险!

2022-02-08 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

戒烟,而不是减少吸烟,才能降低包括中风及心梗在内的心血管疾病风险。

心脑血管疾病是全球以及中国首位的致死和致残原因。全球由心脑血管疾病导致的死亡占慢性病导致的死亡总数的44%,比任何其他死因都要多。全球每年有近1800万人因心脑血管疾病而死亡。在中国,心脑血管疾病引起的死亡占总死亡人数的40%。

人们都知道吸烟是引发肺癌的首要因素,但或许很多人都不知道,吸烟还是促发心脑血管疾病,包括心脏病、冠心病、中风等疾病的重大因素。在5月31日世界无烟日之际,世界卫生组织提醒人们关注这一受到忽视的健康风险。

在中国这样一个拥有3亿多烟民的国家,加大控烟力度,减少吸烟和二手烟导致的心脑血管疾病显得尤其重要。为了明确戒烟和减少吸烟与心血管疾病(CVD)风险的关系,来自韩国成均馆大学三星健康科学与技术高级研究所的专家开展了相关研究,结果发表在European Heart Journal杂志上。

研究人员纳入897975名年龄≥40岁、连续接受了两次全国健康检查(2009年和2011年)的当前吸烟者。参与者被分为戒烟者(20.6%)、减量者I(减少≥50%,7.3%)、减量者II(减少20-50%,11.6%)、维持者(45.7%)和增加者(增加≥20%,14.5%)。

在5575556人年的随访中,发现了17748例中风(3.2/1000人年)和11271例心肌梗死(2.0/1000人年)事件。在调整了人口统计学因素、合并症和吸烟状况后,与维持者相比,戒烟者的中风风险降低23%(aHR=0.77,95%CI:0.74-0.81;绝对风险降低(ARR)-0.37,95%CI-0.43至-0.31],而MI降低26%(aHR 0.74,95%CI 0.70-0.78;ARR-0.27,95%CI-0.31至-0.22)。

进一步发现,减量者I(aHR=1.02,95% CI 0.97-1.08和aHR=0.99,95% CI 0.92-1.06)和减量者II(aHR=1.00,95% CI 0.95-1.05和aHR=0.97,95% CI 0.92-1.04)的中风和MI发病风险与维持者的风险没有明显差异。

此外,对接受第三次检查(2013年)的亚组的进一步分析显示,那些在第二次检查时戒烟但在第三次检查时又开始吸烟的人与持续戒烟者相比,心血管疾病的风险增加了42-69%。

由此可见,戒烟,而不是减少吸烟,才能降低包括中风及心梗在内的心血管疾病风险。该研究强调了持续戒烟在降低心血管疾病风险方面的重要性。

 

参考文献:

Smoking cessation, but not reduction, reduces cardiovascular disease incidence, European Heart Journal, Volume 42, Issue 40, 21 October 2021, Pages 4141–4153, https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehab578

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    2022-02-10 医者仁者

    一支烟,一口酒皆是危险

    0

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    2022-02-10 ms9000002100948639

    戒烟

    0

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    2022-02-10 学医无涯

    学习一下

    0

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    2022-02-09 1209e435m98(暂无昵称)

    学习了,谢谢分享

    0

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    2022-02-09 Re warren

    戒烟!

    0

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风湿科医生必看!别嘌醇和苯溴马隆对心血管事件的影响

虽然目前并没有直接证据表明高尿酸导致心血管疾病, 但是高尿酸血症(HUA)和 (或) 痛风使心血管事件发生风险增加并非偶然, 这与这两种疾病都存在

ARD: 糖皮质激素初治类风湿性关节炎患者的短期剂量和持续时间依赖性糖皮质激素的心血管事件风险

在之前的6个月和1年间隔内,未使用糖皮质激素的RA患者开始使用糖皮质激素后,每日剂量≥5 mg,累积剂量和使用持续时间增加与CVE风险增加有关。

JACC:哈佛研究:每天一勺橄榄油,这些疾病远离你!

较高的橄榄油摄入量与较低的总死亡率和特定原因的死亡率有关。

风湿病学:这些干燥综合征的合并症,你要知道

原发性干燥综合征的多种合并症同样值得关注。

Diabetologia:诊断为2型糖尿病后,10年内发生心血管疾病风险有多大?

CVD风险预测分数不能准确识别在10年的随访中出现CVD事件的2型糖尿病患者。所有22个被评估的模型都具有可比性和适度的鉴别能力。

JAHA:急性冠状动脉综合征后病情稳定患者的心血管事件和长期猝死风险

ACS后10天内病情稳定的患者仍存在发生猝死的长期风险,其中发生额外心血管事件的风险最大。这些结果细化了猝死的长期风险和风险影响因素,这可能有助于临床医生改善治疗的机会。

拓展阅读

JAMA Internal Medicine:戒烟与心血管、癌症和呼吸系统死亡率的关系

吸烟的危险和戒烟的好处可能被低估;在跟进过程中,一些前吸烟者可能会重新开始吸烟,一些目前的吸烟者可能会戒烟。这些发现强调,随着持续戒烟,前吸烟者的特定原因死亡率最终可能接近从未吸烟者的死亡率。

不晚!确诊癌症后戒烟,中位总生存时间可以翻倍!

一项综合分析研究表明,与继续吸烟的肺癌患者相比,诊断后戒烟的早期肺癌患者中位生存率高出33%,5年生存率高出了70%多。

JAMA:金雀花碱有望成为戒烟新药,20年来首次!

据不完全数据统计,目前我国有烟民超过3亿人,全球更是有10亿人以上。以此数字来看,全球辅助戒烟药物的市场,可谓是一片星辰大海。《2015年中国临床戒烟指南》推荐了三类一线戒烟药:尼古丁替代疗法(NRT

Stroke:缺血性卒中和短暂性脑缺血发作患者的戒烟干预的成本效益

对于二级卒中预防来说,除了单纯的简短咨询外,提供戒烟治疗是具有成本效益的,并有可能节约成本。

IJNS:不同干预措施对慢阻肺患者戒烟效果的影响

行为疗法联合药物疗法在帮助慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者戒烟方面最具优越性。