Sci Transl Med:突破:新药在化疗前“软化”肿瘤,可使癌症存活率翻倍

2017-04-07 Heather_z727 medicalnewstoday

【法舒地尔:软化癌细胞周围组织,使化疗效果最大化】最新的一项研究表明,一种药物可以在化疗之前“软化肿瘤”,在胰腺癌小鼠实验中,这种药物减少了肿瘤扩散,使生存几率翻倍。来自澳大利亚研究小组的此次研究结果发表于《科学转化医学》杂志中。胰腺癌始于胰腺细胞内,胰腺包含两个主要类型的细胞:外分泌细胞负责消化酶,内分泌细胞控制激素,比如胰岛素和控制血糖的胰高血糖素。胰腺癌的致病因素目前尚不明确,但随着不断的研


【法舒地尔:软化癌细胞周围组织,使化疗效果最大化】最新的一项研究表明,一种药物可以在化疗之前“软化肿瘤”,在胰腺癌小鼠实验中,这种药物减少了肿瘤扩散,使生存几率翻倍。来自澳大利亚研究小组的此次研究结果发表于《科学转化医学》杂志中。

胰腺癌始于胰腺细胞内,胰腺包含两个主要类型的细胞:外分泌细胞负责消化酶,内分泌细胞控制激素,比如胰岛素和控制血糖的胰高血糖素。胰腺癌的致病因素目前尚不明确,但随着不断的研究,大家还是有了一些倾向性的看法,比如慢性胰腺炎、糖尿病的人群中发生胰腺癌的比例比正常人群高一些。但糖尿病与胰腺癌的关系,尚不明确。大多数胰腺癌都是始于外分泌细胞的。不幸的是,由于早期症状模糊又难以界定,因此,胰腺癌患者总是在晚期时才能确诊,存活几率并不高。

胰腺癌的保守治疗方法是非常有限的,标准治疗结合化疗可以说是唯一的选择但是这种方法只能适度提高生存时长。在此次研究中,研究人员使用基因转化成胰腺癌的小鼠以及植入引起胰腺癌的肿瘤组织的小鼠进行试验,他们发现,在化疗之前的三天,先通过使用法舒地尔(Fasudil)软化肿瘤,可以使存活率翻倍。

法舒地尔抑制了名为ROCK的蛋白,ROCK分布于肿瘤周围,推动癌症恶化。法舒地尔在日本已经用于临床,治疗中风。研究人员表示,这种药物“软化”了肿瘤周围组织,因此它们对化疗的反应更加稳定。研究人员说,这种药物“放缓”肿瘤微环境的结构,也使血管渗漏,这两种效应改善了后续化疗的有效性。

基质变化的实时观察

研究小组还观察了实时的效果。他们使用先进的活体显微镜,可以看到活小鼠的胰腺肿瘤。研究人员表示:“我们看到随着时间的推移,基质发生了变化,除此之外,我们还观察到,癌细胞没有像之前一样扩散到第二区域,比如肝脏。”在动物血液中量子点的帮助下,研究人员还观察到,随着时间的推移,血管如何供应肿瘤的改变。“在使用法舒地尔之后,我们观察到量子点从血管射出辐射,这说明血管已经开始渗漏。”

在胰腺癌的肿瘤生存和发展,以及其他实体肿瘤癌症中,癌细胞和肿瘤微环境之间的相互作用是一个重要因素。例如,在针对实体肿瘤的免疫疗法中,研究人员也得出了相同的结论,即解决肿瘤微环境是治疗成功的关键。

研究人员总结道:“在治疗癌症的研究中,长久以来对于针对基质是否可以使胰腺癌的治疗更加容易一直都是具有争议的话题,可以我觉得,我们的此次研究结束了这场辩论,我们首次提出,在治疗的过程中,应该第一步应付基质,继而应对肿瘤,这样调整治疗时间可以使治疗结果最大化。”

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    2017-12-18 daviiliu
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    2017-05-13 bsmagic9140
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    2017-04-08 tofsw

    学习了谢谢分享

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日前,马萨诸塞大学医学院的科学家在《Cell Reports》杂志上发表了一项新研究,研究表明那些存在于人类基因组中,被认为是“垃圾”的高拷贝DNA序列具有令人惊讶的能力,这些“垃圾”DNA能够影响基因组的正常功能。当在癌细胞中失去控制时,这些重复核苷酸序列能够结合主要调节蛋白并将其产生大核体。这可能导致表观遗传学的不稳定性 - 基因调控的变化 - 这是许多癌症形成的原因。

脂多糖可直接杀死癌细胞,效果惊人

近期,西雅图弗莱德哈钦森癌症研究所发起了一项针对 15 名晚期软组织肉瘤患者的小型试验,试验旨在确定一种基于某些细菌分子的试验性新药是否可以唤起免疫系统抗击癌症的能力。试验的一起结果发布于在华盛顿举办的美国癌症协会年会上,研究结果显示,虽然病人并没有他们预期的全身反应,但是还是观察到在某些区域癌细胞萎缩,甚至消失了。研究人员表示:“此次试验最大的收获就是我们了解到注射区域的免疫系统会对肿瘤细胞做出

AACR年会报告:乳腺癌并不可怕!可怕的是助纣为虐的脂肪!

乳腺癌细胞内部并不是问题关键,乳腺癌细胞周围的环境才是导致疾病的关键。北卡罗莱纳大学综合癌症中心的研究人员声称。