Nature:鲍哲南开发实时监测大脑和肠道信息交流的“神经弦”

2022-06-07 甲遇庚 “生物世界”公众号

在中枢神经系统(CNS)中,多巴胺(DA)和 5-羟色胺(5-HT)在内的单胺类神经递质参与情绪、睡眠和记忆等认知过程的调节。

人体内的软组织和器官是高度活跃的生化系统。其中,化学信使神经递质负责精确控制各种生物过程。

在中枢神经系统(CNS)中,多巴胺(DA)和 5-羟色胺(5-HT)在内的单胺类神经递质参与情绪、睡眠和记忆等认知过程的调节。已有大量研究证实,单胺信号传导失调是包括成瘾、重度抑郁症和帕金森病等精神和神经系统疾病的共同特征。

在中枢神经系统之外(外周神经系统),胃肠道(GI)系统中的 5-HT 占了人体 5-HT 的95%,紧密调节着肠道功能和微生物组。肠道来源的 5-HT 是肠道与大脑通讯系统(肠-脑轴)的重要组成部分。

因此,实时监测神经递质的动态对于了解神经元与其靶点之间的通讯状况,以及制定治疗神经和精神疾病的策略至关重要。然而到目前为止,研究活体动物和人体器官内生化信号的工具仍然十分有限。现有的刚性探针通常坚硬易碎,容易导致设备故障;而且对于柔软且结构弯曲复杂的肠道来说,还可能引发严重的炎症反应。因此,对活体动物 5-HT 的动力学进行实时监测一直存在挑战。

2022年6月1日,斯坦福大学化学工程系鲍哲南教授、生物系陈晓科教授团队合作,在 Nature 发表了题为:A tissue-like neurotransmitter sensor for the brain and gut 的研究论文。

该研究设计了一种基于石墨烯的柔性可拉伸神经化学生物传感器,并将其命名为——NeuroString。NeuroString 传感器可以同时针对性地实时检测大脑和肠道内的多种神经递质动力学。

鲍哲南

鲍哲南,1991年本科毕业于南京大学,1995年博士毕业于芝加哥大学,之后进入贝尔实验室任职,2001年获得贝尔实验室杰出研究人员称号。2004年进入斯坦福大学化学系任教。2011年获得影响世界华人大奖,2015年被选为《自然》杂志年度十大人物,2016年当选美国国家工程院院士,2017年获得世界杰出女科学家成就奖,2018年成为斯坦福大学化学工程学院院长,2021年当选美国艺术与科学院院士。

在制备 NeuroString 传感器的过程中,研究团队通过将激光诱导的石墨烯纳米纤维网络嵌入到弹性体基质中(SEBS,以聚苯乙烯为末端段,以聚丁二烯加氢得到的乙烯-丁烯共聚物为中间弹性嵌段的线性三嵌共聚物),使传感器达到类似组织的高水平柔软性和可拉伸性,同时保留纳米材料独特的电化学性能。

NeuroString 可以与中枢神经系统和胃肠道组织无缝连接,实现同时实时监测两个组织中的神经递质动力学。

用于植入小鼠大脑的 NeuroString 传感器由超薄、柔软且有弹性的三通道“神经弦”组成,可以最大程度减少组织损伤;而用于肠道的 NeuroString 传感器是建立在单个有弹性的薄膜上,它的移动距离更远,运动幅度更大,可以很容易地被拉伸、扭曲,甚至打结,从而便于操作和测量。

NeuroString 传感器允许在有行为的小鼠大脑中进行长期实时、多通道和多路单胺传感,以及在没有不良刺激和扰乱蠕动的情况下测量肠道中 5-羟色胺(5-HT)的动力学。

研究团队通过实验发现,NeuroString 具有优越的长期神经化学检测稳定性,可以监测小鼠神经递质信号长达 16 周。

他们还使用 NeuroString 测量了猪肠道内的 5-HT 动力学。多通道 NeuroString 可以同时测量不同肠段。研究人员检查了药物诱导的 5-HT 在猪模型中的释放,发现氟西汀(选择性 5-HT 再摄取抑制剂,SSRI)和亚甲蓝(一种单胺氧化酶抑制剂,MB)的药物组合导致活体小型猪的 5-HT 浓度增加。这些结果进一步验证了 NeuroString 传感器在不同动物物种中实时亚秒级测量神经递质的功能。因此,可以将其用于研究大型动物的神经递质动力学。

最后一项概念验证中,研究团队使用 NeuroString 传感器同时检测小鼠被喂食奖励性巧克力后大脑和结肠神经递质浓度的变化。儿茶酚胺和 5-HT 都是参与调控认知过程和肠道功能的重要神经递质。他们检测到小鼠在摄入巧克力数秒之后儿茶酚胺在脑中释放,并观察到结肠内 5-HT 在30至60分钟内增加。这与食物通过胃肠道的典型运送时间一致。

这些发现显示了使用 NeuroString 传感器了解神经递质机制及其在脑-肠轴中作用的潜力。

总的来说,通过开发基于石墨烯-弹性体复合材料的传感器,研究团队证明了 NeuroString 可作为柔性生物传感器来监测活体动物大脑和肠道中单胺神经递质的动力学。由于具有类似活体组织的机械特性,NeuroString 传感器可以与胃肠道粘膜迅速连接,并与传统的医学检查设备(如内窥镜)兼容,以用于无创监测生物分子。

此外,NeuroString 传感器独特的弹性特性使其适合于同时监测来自中枢和外周神经系统的神经递质信号,并有望解决目前研究肠道化学动力学及其与微生物相互作用的技术局限。

研究团队表示,对 NeuroString 传感器的进一步研发计划,将聚焦于于利用微细加工和纳米加工技术以提高传感器的空间分辨率,通过结合不同的分子识别探针来提高其选择性和多功能性,并最终将传感器与无线电子设备集成以验证其长期植入的性能。

研究团队总结道,结合其卓越的生物相容性和灵敏度,NeuroString 平台或可成为在灵长动物体内研究各种信号传递生物分子和电生理信号的有力工具。

原始出处:

Li, J., Liu, Y., Yuan, L. et al. A tissue-like neurotransmitter sensor for the brain and gut. Nature 606, 94–101 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04615-2.

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    2023-12-14 ms1000000687639315 来自江苏省

    好神奇

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    2023-05-02 侠胆医心 来自上海

    #鲍哲南#教授设计了一种基于#石墨烯#的柔性可拉伸神经化学#生物传感器#,并将其命名为——#NeuroString#。NeuroString 传感器可以同时针对性地实时检测大脑和肠道内的多种#神经递质#动力学。未来可以用于#成瘾#、重度#抑郁症##帕金森病#等精神和神经系统疾病的治疗

    0

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    2023-03-12 liye789132251
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2174847, encodeId=78b621e484764, content=好神奇, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=19, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=9d545434460, createdName=ms1000000687639315, createdTime=Thu Dec 14 04:51:47 CST 2023, time=2023-12-14, status=1, ipAttribution=江苏省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2129616, encodeId=1f212129616d0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e6bc10291584' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#鲍哲南#</a>教授设计了一种基于<a href='/topic/show?id=6e78e32573c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#石墨烯#</a>的柔性可拉伸神经化学<a href='/topic/show?id=001d6919212' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#生物传感器#</a>,并将其命名为——<a href='/topic/show?id=633e10604151' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#NeuroString#</a>。NeuroString 传感器可以同时针对性地实时检测大脑和肠道内的多种<a href='/topic/show?id=1ec7e4592aa' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#神经递质#</a>动力学。未来可以用于<a href='/topic/show?id=494254045cf' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#成瘾#</a>、重度<a href='/topic/show?id=91cf549e3f1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抑郁症#</a>和<a href='/topic/show?id=a1f9485204d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#帕金森病#</a>等精神和神经系统疾病的治疗, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=102915, encryptionId=e6bc10291584, topicName=鲍哲南), TopicDto(id=73257, encryptionId=6e78e32573c, topicName=石墨烯), TopicDto(id=69192, encryptionId=001d6919212, topicName=生物传感器), TopicDto(id=106041, encryptionId=633e10604151, topicName=NeuroString), TopicDto(id=74592, encryptionId=1ec7e4592aa, topicName=神经递质), TopicDto(id=54045, encryptionId=494254045cf, topicName=成瘾), TopicDto(id=54973, encryptionId=91cf549e3f1, topicName=抑郁症), TopicDto(id=48520, encryptionId=a1f9485204d, topicName=帕金森病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/Random/55971dc507c93968175ce7cc1e177b372a83869f.jpg, createdBy=f63e4754896, createdName=侠胆医心, createdTime=Tue May 02 01:10:54 CST 2023, time=2023-05-02, status=1, ipAttribution=上海), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1885804, encodeId=24fd188580420, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sun Mar 12 11:52:53 CST 2023, time=2023-03-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1225309, encodeId=f29712253099b, content=学到了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=157d5173023, createdName=146de973m94暂无昵称, createdTime=Wed Jun 08 23:31:12 CST 2022, time=2022-06-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1225169, encodeId=d0351225169c4, content=人才在漂亮国发展得挺好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211030/727082c36c794e7a9cc18aad6a2886d1/d8e51d61f5f74b299541d33450410b09.jpg, createdBy=26f72982264, createdName=海阔天空Sin, createdTime=Wed Jun 08 11:43:25 CST 2022, time=2022-06-08, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-06-08 146de973m94暂无昵称

    学到了

    0

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    2022-06-08 海阔天空Sin

    人才在漂亮国发展得挺好

    0

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