Curr Biol:男性和女性在运动视觉感知方面存在显著差异

2018-08-20 佚名 中国生物技术网

8月16日发表在《Current Biology》上的一项研究发现了男性和女性之间存在的一种意想不到的差异。该研究表明,平均而言,男性能够比女性更快地注意到视觉运动。

8月16日发表在《Current Biology》上的一项研究发现了男性和女性之间存在的一种意想不到的差异。该研究表明,平均而言,男性能够比女性更快地注意到视觉运动。

该研究中,受测的男性和女性能很好地报告屏幕上的黑白条是否正在向左或向右运动,这通常只需要不到十分之一秒就能得出正确答案。但是,相比于男性,女性所花费的时间通常要长25%至75%。

研究人员表示,男性对运动的快速感知并不一定反映出他们更好的视觉处理能力。他们指出,在相同任务中,自闭症(ASD) 患者、抑郁症患者以及老年人都存在类似能力增强的情况。研究人员推测,这些患者大脑中下调神经活动的过程可能出现紊乱,而男性大脑中的这一过程可能较弱。

研究第一作者,美国华盛顿大学的Scott Murray说:“我们非常惊讶,几乎没有证据表明不同性别在低水平视觉处理方面存在差异,特别是我们在研究中观察到的如此明显的差异。”

Murray和共同作者美国罗彻斯特大学的Duje Tadin说,取得这项发现非常偶然。他们利用视觉运动任务来研究ASD患者在处理这些任务时的差异。研究发现,ASD存在明显的性别倾向性,男孩的患病几率是女孩的四倍。因此,研究人员将性别作为没有患ASD的对照个体的考虑因素。两性对运动的视觉感知之间的差异立即显现出来。

为了证实这些发现,该研究团队从其他的在实验中使用相同任务的研究人员那里获取了能够代表大量受测者的额外数据。而这些独立的数据也显示出了相同的性别差异模式。

Murray、Tadin及其同事们报告称,男女在视觉感知方面的差异不能用视觉处理速度、整体视觉辨别能力或者潜在的与运动相关的差异来解释。通过大脑功能核磁共振成像无法观察到明显差异。

他们写道,总的来说,这项结果表明性别差异可能以意想不到的方式出现。他们还强调了在知觉分析和认知研究中将性别作为变量考虑的重要性。

研究人员说,该研究作为证据表明,男性和女性的视觉处理以我们没有认识到的方式存在差异。这项发现还使我们从一个新的角度来理解处理视觉信息的神经机制。

在未来的研究中,希望发现大脑中可能解释男女之间差异的潜在差异。到目前为止,大脑运动处理区域的图像没有提供任何线索,这表明这种差异可能来自于大脑中的其他部分,或者很难用现有的技术来测量。最终,他们认为,这项研究最终能够为人们理解这个复杂的问题提供新的线索:为什么自闭症在男性中更普遍?

原始出处:
Scott O. Murray, Michael-Paul Schallmo, Tamar Kolodny, et al. Sex Differences in Visual Motion Processing. Current Biology. Aug 2018.

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    2019-04-13 sunylz
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    2018-08-22 zywlvao
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    2018-08-21 太阳系小猪

    能力强了,风险也增加了,是这个意思吗

    0

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