为什么在休克时,选择去甲肾上腺素,而不是去氧肾上腺素?

2019-08-12 钟sir 重症医学

机体血容量的70%存在于静脉容量血管中,而内脏系统血容量占总容量25%;同时,心输出量的25%通过腹腔干动脉、肠系膜上、下动脉进入内脏系统。 由于内脏血管周围没有筋膜和实体组织器官的限制,可扩张性良好,属于高顺应性血管。当血管内压力升高时,内脏血管会容留更多的血液,使得回心血量减少。在门脉高压或分布性休克时,内脏血管可容纳40%的机体血容量


机体血容量的70%存在于静脉容量血管中,而内脏系统血容量占总容量25%;同时,心输出量的25%通过腹腔干动脉、肠系膜上、下动脉进入内脏系统。

由于内脏血管周围没有筋膜和实体组织器官的限制,可扩张性良好,属于高顺应性血管。当血管内压力升高时,内脏血管会容留更多的血液,使得回心血量减少。在门脉高压或分布性休克时,内脏血管可容纳40%的机体血容量。

在休克时使用儿茶酚胺类药物的目的之一是希望通过收缩内脏静脉血管,增加内脏血管-下腔静脉压力差,促进血液回流到体循环,增加回心血量。    

门脉-内脏系统的儿茶酚胺受体分布存在差异:肝动脉和下腔静脉、肝静脉同时存在α、β受体,而门静脉、门静脉前内脏血管和肝内血管只存在α受体。

在休克状态时,当使用去氧肾上腺素时(单纯的α受体激动剂),内脏血管和肝静脉、下腔静脉同时收缩,无法增加内脏血管-下腔静脉压力差,故无法改善内脏血液回流。

而去甲肾上腺素是α兼β受体激动剂,在收缩内脏血管同时,其β受体的血管扩张作用使得肝静脉、下腔静脉阻力降低,从而增加了内脏-下腔静脉压力差,改善了内脏静脉回流,增加有效循环容量和右心回心血量。

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    2024-01-26 ms5000001663958815 来自云南省

    甚好!学习了。

    0

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    2021-11-06 Blueangel

    0

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    2019-08-14 重症小医僧

    学习了

    0

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    2019-08-14 thm112988

    0

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