Diabetologia:2型糖尿病患者脑内葡萄糖动力学的可逆性

2022-03-18 从医路漫漫 MedSci原创

2型糖尿病在美国和全世界的患病率继续上升,尽管有许多可用的治疗方案,但许多糖尿病患者未能达到血糖控制目标,导致发病率和死亡率增加。

背景:2型糖尿病在美国和全世界的患病率继续上升,尽管有许多可用的治疗方案,但许多糖尿病患者未能达到血糖控制目标,导致发病率和死亡率增加。认知障碍[和痴呆症已经被认为是慢性暴露于高血糖引起的临床上重要的并发症。此外,慢性高血糖还会导致脑细胞代谢过程的异常以及过剩功能和表达的改变。

     葡萄糖是大脑的主要能量来源,通过葡萄糖转运体(主要是GLUT1)促进扩散,通过血脑屏障(BBB)供应。使用磁共振波谱(MRS)对健康、苗条的人进行的研究表明,大脑葡萄糖水平随着血糖水平的上升而线性上升。磁共振波谱是一种非侵入性成像技术,可以测量活组织中代谢物的浓度。在动物中,慢性高血糖通过下调血脑屏障GLUT1的表达来减少葡萄糖的转运。在之前发表的研究中,我们的团队显示,与没有糖尿病的瘦削参与者相比,控制不佳的2型糖尿病参与者的脑部血糖水平标准化增加的反应更低,这表明慢性高血糖与大脑葡萄糖运输和/或代谢迟钝有关。目前尚不清楚控制不佳的糖尿病患者脑部葡萄糖转运/代谢的这些变化能否逆转。因此,开展了这项概念验证研究,以确定控制不佳的2型糖尿病患者血糖控制的改善是否会恢复葡萄糖脑转运动力学。

目的:我们之前已经表明,通过1H磁共振波谱测量,未受控制的2型糖尿病患者的大脑葡萄糖水平有迟钝的上升。在这里,我们研究HbA1c的降低是否能使脑内血糖水平正常化。方法:8例2型糖尿病患者(男2例,女6例),年龄(44.8±8.3)岁,体重指数(BMI)31.4±6.1 kg/m2,糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)84.1±16.2 mm/m ol(9.8±1.4%),在高血糖钳夹(~12.21 mm/l)下进行1H-MRS扫描,测量基线和干预12周后的脑血糖变化。干预12周后,通过连续血糖监测、糖尿病方案强化治疗和频繁拜访内分泌和营养师改善血糖控制。

结果:干预后HbA1c平均下降24.3±15.3mmo1/m ol(P=0.006),体重变化最小(p=0.242)。用线性混合效应回归模型比较干预前后的血糖时间进程,干预前高血糖钳夹期间的脑血糖水平显著低于干预后的脑血糖水平(p<0.001),而干预前高血糖钳夹期间的血糖水平与干预后的脑血糖水平相似(p=0.266)。此外,脑部血糖的升高与HbA1c改善的幅度相关(r=0.71p=0.048)。

图1 脑的1H扫描。(A)体素放置,一个30×20×30 mm的体素居中于枕骨中线。从所选体素周围的椭圆形体积(绿色)获得局部垫片。图像上的刻度以厘米为单位(垂直轴)。(B)1名受试者在基线(0周,黑色)和干预后(12周,红色)的代表性差异频谱。葡萄糖参考光谱(模体)显示为绿色。指示执行葡萄糖积分的光谱窗口

图2脑内葡萄糖的光谱处理。一个使用一个有代表性的参与者的例子,说明如何使用不同的光谱来计算单个时间点的大脑葡萄糖水平的变化。在基线时获得蓝色光谱,10分钟后获得红色光谱。下面的绿色光谱是红色光谱和蓝色光谱之间的差异

图3脑内血糖和血糖水平的变化。(A)第0周和第12周脑内葡萄糖浓度随时间的平均变化。(B)随时间变化的平均血糖水平。所有八名参与者都被纳入了分析。数据以平均值±SEM值表示

表1基线和干预后1H MRS代谢物

表2基线和干预后的CGM数据

结论:这些发现突出了2型糖尿病患者血糖控制改善后大脑葡萄糖转运能力和代谢的潜在可逆性。

原文出处:Sanchez-Rangel E,  Gunawan F,  Jiang L,et al.Reversibility of brain glucose kinetics in type 2 diabetes mellitus.Diabetologia 2022 Mar 05

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心肌纤维化的特征是细胞外基质(ECM)蛋白在心脏间质中积聚,并与许多心脏病理生理状况有关。

Diabetes:中国2型糖尿病患者急性肾损伤对糖尿病肾病进展的远期影响及临床预测因素

近日,研究人员评估了急性肾损伤(AKI)对糖尿病肾病(DKD)进展和全因死亡率的长期影响,并调查中国2型糖尿病(T2D)患者AKI的决定因素。研究发现,尿酸是可改变的危险因素,PRS则为不可控因素。

Cardiovasc Diabetol:心脏磁共振组织追踪评价2型糖尿病患者主动脉瓣关闭不全程度对左心室应变的累加效应

2型糖尿病(T2 DM)及其相关心血管疾病在发病率和死亡率方面造成越来越大的负担。