BMJ:以往结直肠肿瘤患者结直肠癌的化学预防

2016-12-05 xing.T MedSci原创

在以往结直肠肿瘤患者中,阿司匹林以外的非甾体抗炎药是异时结直肠癌预防最有效的药物,而风险和受益方面,低剂量阿司匹林具有最好的性价比。

最近,顶级医学杂志BMJ上发表了一篇研究文章,研究人员通过系统回顾和网络荟萃分析来评估候选药物(低、高剂量阿司匹林、阿司匹林以外的非甾体类抗炎药(NSAIDs)、钙、维生素D、叶酸,单独或组合使用)在以往结直肠肿瘤患者中预防晚期异时肿瘤(即第一次肿瘤切除后,不同的时间内再次长出肿瘤)发生的安全性和疗效。 

研究人员检索了MedlineEmbaseWeb of Science数据库,时间为从成立之时到20151015,以及临床试验注册中心。研究人员将在以前结直肠肿瘤患者中给予候选化学预防药物治疗,并与安慰剂或其他候选人剂相比较的随机对照试验纳入分析。主要疗效指标为晚期异时肿瘤的发生风险;安全性指标为严重不良事件。 

分别由两名研究者来确定纳入研究和提取数据,通过贝叶斯网络来进行荟萃分析,药物的相对排名采用累积排名下面积(SUCRA)概率(从101代表该治疗有很高的可能性是最好的治疗;0代表治疗有很高的可能性是最坏的治疗)来进行评估。通过GRADE标准来评价证据质量。 

该分析共纳入了15个随机对照试验(12,234例患者),比较了10种不同的干预方法。与安慰剂组相比,阿司匹林以外的非甾体抗炎药在预防晚期异时肿瘤方面排名最好(比值比为0.3795%可信区间为0.24-0.53SUCRA=0.98;高质量的证据),其次是低剂量的阿司匹林(0.710.41-1.23SUCRA=0.67;低质量的证据)。然而,在化学预防药物中,低剂量阿司匹林的安全性排名最好(0.780.43-1.38SUCRA=0.84),而阿司匹林以外的非甾体类抗炎药在安全性方面排名较低(1.230.95-1.64SUCRA=0.26)。在疗效方面,高剂量阿司匹林与低剂量阿司匹林相当(1.120.59-2.10SUCRA=0.58),但高剂量阿司匹林的安全性较差(SUCRA=0.51)。这些药物在减少异时结直肠癌的疗效方面尚不能估计。 

在以往结直肠肿瘤患者中,阿司匹林以外的非甾体抗炎药是异时结直肠癌预防最有效的药物,而风险和受益方面,低剂量阿司匹林具有最好的性价比。 

原始出处: 

Parambir S Dulai, et al. Chemoprevention of colorectal cancer in individuals with previous colorectal neoplasia: systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMJ .05 December 2016. 

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    2017-09-08 gaoxiaoe
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