Br J Dermatol:全基因组测序揭示隆突性皮肤纤维肉瘤的基因组改变

2022-05-13 医路坦克 MedSci原创

隆突性皮肤纤维肉瘤(DFSP)是一种罕见的、边缘的中度恶性皮肤肉瘤,其基因组图谱尚不清楚。了解DFSP的情况有助于进一步对软组织恶性发展的基因组途径进行分类,本文探讨DFSP的全面分子发病机制。

隆突性皮肤纤维肉瘤(DFSP)是一种罕见的皮肤软组织肉瘤,发病率约为百万分之四。目前对DFSP发病机制的研究缺乏完整的基因组特征。到目前为止,研究表明17号染色体和22号染色体之间的染色体易位是DFSP发病的主要特征。

22号染色体上的血小板衍生生长因子-b(PDGFb)的第二外显子与17号染色体上的胶原1A1(COL1A1)基因融合,同时观察到COL1A1从外显子6到49的不同断裂点。2,5,6 PDGFb与v-sis癌基因的细胞同源物被记录,参与包括肉瘤在内的多种肿瘤的发生。因此,t(17;22)导致PDGFb外显子1被COL1A1元件取代;因此,COL1A1-PDGFb融合癌基因导致PDGFb转录明显上调。除COL1A1-PDGFb融合外,在DFSP中还观察到t(2;17)、t(17;22)、t(9;22)和t(5;8)等融合事件。

本研究利用53例DFSP患者的活检标本及其配对的血液标本进行全基因组测序,发现了一些新的突变基因,如MUC4/6和KMT2C,以及几个重要的片段,如17q25,22q13。我们还发现了多种肿瘤相关基因的结构变化,如SPHK1和BRCA1,以及融合基因SLC2A5-BTBD7。总体而言,我们的发现突出了DFSP发病的新机制,特别是结构变化,这有助于识别潜在的诊断和治疗分子。

DFSP的特征是突变特征1(CpG二核苷酸的C>T突变),导致DNA复制的高突变。有趣的是,DFSP的复发与较低的肿瘤突变负担有关。在DFSP中发现了新的突变基因,包括MUC4/6、KMT2C和BRCA1,并根据MUC4和MUC6突变对DFSP的3种分子亚型进行了分类。在DSPs中发现了包括基因组重排在内的各种结构异常,特别是17q和22q,导致癌基因扩增(AKT1、SPHK1、COL1A1、PDGFb)或肿瘤抑制基因缺失(CDKN2A/B)。除了COL1A1-PDGFb[t(17;22)]的基因融合外,我们还通过全基因组测序鉴定了SLC2A5-BTBD7[t(1;14)]在DFSP中的基因融合,并进行了实验验证。对改变的分子进行的富集化分析表明,DNA修复、细胞周期、肌醇磷脂3-激酶和Janus激酶途径主要参与DFSP。

这是第一次对DFSP进行大规模全基因组测序,我们的发现描述了DFSP的全面基因组图景,突出了DFSP的分子复杂性和基因组异常。我们的发现也为这种疾病提供了新的潜在诊断和治疗靶点。

文献来源:Peng C,  Jian X,  Xie Y,Genomic alterations of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans revealed by whole-genome sequencing.Br J Dermatol 2022 Apr 19

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