重复:Hypertension:多学科讨论:高血压合并糖尿病 小小叶酸或成新治疗选择

2017-08-14 王淳 环球医学

慢性肾病(CKD)是高血压的主要并发症之一,已被公认为全球最重要的公共卫生问题。蛋白尿是肾损害的主要标志之一。蛋白尿的存在与心血管疾病的风险增加和终末期肾病的进展显著相关。2017年8月,发表在《Hypertension》的一项CSPPT肾脏子研究的析因分析调查了叶酸治疗对中国高血压患者新发蛋白尿的影响。



慢性肾病(CKD)是高血压的主要并发症之一,已被公认为全球最重要的公共卫生问题。蛋白尿是肾损害的主要标志之一。蛋白尿的存在与心血管疾病的风险增加和终末期肾病的进展显着相关。2017年8月,发表在《Hypertension》的一项CSPPT肾脏子研究的析因分析调查了叶酸治疗对中国高血压患者新发蛋白尿的影响。请看本期多学科讨论组临床药师各抒己见为您梳理本文看点——

研究人员旨在验证一个假说,即依那普利联合叶酸治疗比单用依那普利在高血压患者新发蛋白尿预防上更有效。这是CSPPT(中国卒中一级预防试验)肾脏子研究的一项析因分析。

13071名符合条件的无蛋白尿的受试者被随机分配至接受双盲每日含10 mg依那普利联合0.8 mg叶酸(n=6511)或10 mg依那普利(n=6560)单一片剂治疗。主要结局指标是新发蛋白尿,定义为随访时尿试纸读数≥1+。次要结局指标包括主要结局和全因死亡的复合以及估计肾小球滤过率下降的年度速率。

中位治疗4.4年后,依那普利和依那普利-叶酸组分别有213名(3.9%)和188名(3.5%)发生主要事件(比值比,0.90;95%置信区间,0.74-1.11)。但是,在基线时糖尿病患者中,叶酸治疗会显着降低主要事件(依那普利-叶酸组3.7% vs依那普利组7.4%;比值比,0.48;95%置信区间,0.29-0.81)和复合事件(比值比,0.62;95%置信区间,95%置信区间,0.42-0.92)的风险,并且估计肾小球滤过率下降的年度速率减慢了55%(0.5% vs 1.1%/年;P=0.002)。在基线无糖尿病的患者中,所有结局均无组间差异。

总之,依那普利-叶酸治疗同单用依那普利相比,能显着降低高血压合并糖尿病患者的蛋白尿发生。

多学科讨论记实:

CSPPT证实,依那普利联合叶酸治疗相比单用依那普利,可使中国成年高血压患者的首次卒中的发生率减少21%。CSPPT-肾脏子研究进一步发现,对于轻到中度慢性肾病患者采用依那普利+叶酸治疗相比单用依那普利可显着延缓慢性肾病的进展。因此,研究人员进行假说并验证,即依那普利联合叶酸治疗比单用依那普利在高血压患者新发蛋白尿预防上更有效。

而该研究也首次表明,叶酸补充能显着降低糖尿病人群(没有强制性补充叶酸)蛋白尿发展和eGFR降低的风险。

不过,该研究是在没有强制叶酸强化的人群中进行的。观察到叶酸治疗的保护作用是否可以推广到具有叶酸强化的群体,需要进一步验证。

总之, 尽管叶酸治疗是有效、安全和便宜的,但是该策略需要进一步检查。

原始出处:

Li Y, Liang M, Wang G, et al. Effects of Folic Acid Therapy on the New-Onset Proteinuria in Chinese Hypertensive Patients: A Post Hoc Analysis of the Renal Substudy of CSPPT (China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial). Hypertension. 2017 Aug;70(2):300-306. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.09404. Epub 2017 Jun 12.

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中国心脏大会公布“十二五”高血压抽样调查最新结果。研究在全国31个省、自治区、直辖市,采用分层多阶段随机抽样的方法,共抽取15岁及以上人群约50万人进行的调查,获得了高血压的最新流行特点:即高血压流行呈现患病率上升、城乡差距减少以及地域分布格局变化的特点。

我国居民高血压患病率持续走高

据国家心血管病中心公布的“十二五”期间高血压抽样调查的最新结果,我国约有2.5亿高血压患者,患病率呈上升趋势,且随年龄增高而上升。

高血压病人看病时应该告诉医生哪些信息?

高血压患者到医院就诊时,应该主动向医生提供以下信息: