Cardiovasc Diabetol:GLP-1受体激动剂与SGLT-2抑制剂在2型糖尿病的有效性和安全性

2022-09-19 从医路漫漫 MedSci原创

最近的指南建议在心血管高危患者或已确诊动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病的患者中开始使用GLP-1 RA或SGLT-2i,而不考虑基线糖化血红蛋白水平。

背景:过去几年在二型糖尿病(T2D)患者中进行的心血管结局试验(CVOT)表明,GLP-1受体激动剂(GLP-1 RA)和SGLT-2抑制剂(SGLT-2i)降低了主要心血管不良事件(MACE)、全因死亡率和肾病恶化的风险。然而,GLP-1RA和SGLT-2i在疗效和安全性方面表现出一些差异。具体来说,在这些安慰剂对照试验中,与SGLT-2i的中性作用相反,GLP-1 RA与显著的中风风险降低相关,而SGLT-2i在心力衰竭和不良肾脏结果的住院治疗方面发挥了更显著的益处。关于安全性和耐受性,胃肠道不良事件是GLP-1 RA最常报告的副作用,而SGLT-2i更常出现生殖器感染、容量减少和酮症酸中毒风险增加,有时会导致停药。来自真实世界研究的后续证据与CVOT的结果一致,证实了GLP-1 RA和SGLT-2i的疗效和安全性。

最近的指南建议在心血管高危患者或已确诊动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病的患者中开始使用GLP-1 RA或SGLT-2i,而不考虑基线糖化血红蛋白水平。相反,SGLT-2i应该是心力衰竭或慢性肾病和蛋白尿患者的首选。目前,还没有比较GLP1RA和SGLT-2i对心血管或肾脏预后影响的随机对照试验;因此,尽管它们存在公认的局限性,如缺乏随机化、数据收集的低质量控制以及在比较结果时易受多种偏倚来源的影响,但现实世界的数据可能会为理解和利用这两类药物的特定临床特性提供指导。事实上,最近在不同国家和人群中进行了几项真实世界的研究(RWS),主要关注心血管而非肾脏结果;这些研究表明,GLP-1 RA和SGLT-2i对心血管复合终点有总体相似的益处

目的:在这项研究中,我们分析了2015年至2020年在意大利人口最稠密地区伦巴第的常规临床环境中首次使用GLP-1 RA的患者与首次使用SGLT-2i的患者的有效性和安全性。

方法:使用可链接的管理健康数据库,我们纳入了50岁及以上开始使用GLP-1 RA或SGLT-2i的患者。临床事件为:死亡、因心肌梗死(MI)、中风、心力衰竭(HF)和肾脏疾病住院作为单独和复合结果(MACE-3:全因死亡、非致死性MI、非致死性中风;MACE-4: MACE-3加不稳定心绞痛)。对既往有和无心血管疾病的受试者分别进行结果评估。在意向治疗(ITT)和符合方案(PP)分析中,使用倾向评分匹配(PSM)后的Cox比例风险回归模型对治疗进行比较。还评估了严重的不良事件。

结果:分析包括每个队列的20,762名患者。ITT分析显示非致命性心肌梗死的风险显著降低(HR 0.77可信区间95% 0.66–0.90),MACE-3(风险比0.91;可信区间95% 0.84–0.98)和梅斯-4(风险比0.92;GLP-1RA组与SGLT-2i组相比,CI 95% 0.86–0.99),而两组间心衰住院和卒中发生率无差异。仅在既往无心血管疾病的患者亚组中发现了类似的益处。PP分析在很大程度上证实了主要结果。两个队列中严重不良事件的发生率都很低(< 1%)。

图1根据治疗状态匹配人群中死亡和临床结果的事件数和风险比(CI 95%)(ITT分析)。GLP-1RA胰高血糖素样肽-1受体激动剂、SGLT-2i钠葡萄糖转运蛋白-2抑制剂、MACE-3全因死亡、非致命性心肌梗死、非致命性中风、MACE-4全因死亡、非致命性心肌梗死、非致命性中风、不稳定型心绞痛

图2:根据治疗状态,无既往心血管疾病的匹配人群的死亡和临床结果的事件数和风险比(CI 95%)。根据治疗状态,既往有心血管疾病的匹配人群的死亡和临床结果的事件数和风险比(CI 95%)。GLP-1RA胰高血糖素样肽-1受体激动剂、SGLT-2i钠葡萄糖转运蛋白-2抑制剂、MACE-3全因死亡、非致命性心肌梗死、非致命性中风、MACE-4全因死亡、非致命性心肌梗死、非致命性中风、不稳定型心绞痛

表1根据治疗状态(PP分析)匹配人群的死亡和临床结果的事件数和风险比(CI 95%)

表2 2015年至2019年根据治疗状态严重不良事件的频率

结论:在降低MACE-3、MACE-4和MI的风险方面,GLP-1RA显示出与SGLT-2i同样安全且更有效。这项研究增加了越来越多的现实世界的证据,解决了GLP-1RA和SGLT-2i在日常实践中的具体临床特性,以适应个体患者的治疗。

原文出处:Baviera M,  Foresta A,  Colacioppo P,et al.Effectiveness and safety of GLP-1 receptor agonists versus SGLT-2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes: an Italian cohort study.Cardiovasc Diabetol 2022 08 24;21(1)

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    2022-12-25 tulenzi
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  4. 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  5. 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  6. 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  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1762012, encodeId=938a1e620122d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9bea33520d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#BET#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3352, encryptionId=9bea33520d, topicName=BET)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=9a1a37427546, createdName=ms5439512287675881, createdTime=Thu Sep 29 01:44:30 CST 2022, time=2022-09-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1793890, encodeId=da0b1e938907a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5a3f1621e7d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SGLT#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=16217, encryptionId=5a3f1621e7d, topicName=SGLT)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, 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objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5916, encryptionId=afda591646, topicName=DIA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=987022654425, createdName=ms9608593228839890, createdTime=Wed Jul 12 16:44:30 CST 2023, time=2023-07-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1939497, encodeId=24e9193949e87, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1c292818fd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ASC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=21, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2818, encryptionId=1c292818fd, topicName=ASC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=74808, createdName=quxin068, createdTime=Thu Mar 30 10:44:30 CST 2023, time=2023-03-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1853056, 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CST 2022, time=2022-09-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1422780, encodeId=07211422e80a0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=54fa80e701' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#GLP-1#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=8077, encryptionId=54fa80e701, topicName=GLP-1)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f8f23732777, createdName=yibei, createdTime=Sat Sep 17 12:44:30 CST 2022, time=2022-09-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2023-03-30 quxin068
  8. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1762012, encodeId=938a1e620122d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9bea33520d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#BET#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3352, encryptionId=9bea33520d, topicName=BET)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=9a1a37427546, createdName=ms5439512287675881, createdTime=Thu Sep 29 01:44:30 CST 2022, time=2022-09-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1793890, encodeId=da0b1e938907a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5a3f1621e7d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SGLT#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=16217, encryptionId=5a3f1621e7d, topicName=SGLT)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, 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CST 2022, time=2022-09-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1422780, encodeId=07211422e80a0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=54fa80e701' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#GLP-1#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=8077, encryptionId=54fa80e701, topicName=GLP-1)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f8f23732777, createdName=yibei, createdTime=Sat Sep 17 12:44:30 CST 2022, time=2022-09-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-10-24 jklm09
  9. 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  10. 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encodeId=02041853056e7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f0a254918f0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抑制剂#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=54918, encryptionId=f0a254918f0, topicName=抑制剂)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=44a360, createdName=jklm09, createdTime=Mon Oct 24 17:44:30 CST 2022, time=2022-10-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1294052, encodeId=d42b1294052a8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=bb0e8081b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#GLP-1受体激动剂#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=8081, encryptionId=bb0e8081b2, topicName=GLP-1受体激动剂)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e183245, createdName=Eleven11, createdTime=Sat Sep 17 12:44:30 CST 2022, time=2022-09-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1422780, encodeId=07211422e80a0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=54fa80e701' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#GLP-1#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=8077, encryptionId=54fa80e701, topicName=GLP-1)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f8f23732777, createdName=yibei, createdTime=Sat Sep 17 12:44:30 CST 2022, time=2022-09-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-09-17 yibei

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