Nat Aging:APOE等位基因在老年痴呆患者中左右神经炎症状态

2021-10-12 haibei MedSci原创

研究人员通过研究APOE等位基因对没有神经淀粉样斑块的老年对照大脑的胶质转录组的影响,测试了APOE等位基因对胶质反应有不同影响的假设。

尽管全基因组关联研究(GWAS)在过去十年中发现了几十个新的风险位点,但脂蛋白E(APOE)ε4等位基因仍然是散发性阿尔茨海默病(AD)最强的遗传风险因素,而ε2等位基因是最强的保护性遗传因素。APOEε4的携带者比APOEε3的携带者患AD的风险高3倍(杂合子)至12倍(纯合子),且症状出现的年龄较早。相反,与APOEε3同型者相比,一个APOEε2等位基因可降低约60%的AD发病风险,两个APOEε2拷贝可降低85%的AD风险。

在病理学上,APOEε4等位基因主要与较高的淀粉样β(Aβ)斑块和脑淀粉样血管病(CAA)的负担有关,而APOEε2等位基因则与这两种病变的负担较低有关。事实上,人们已经观察到APOE与Aβ一起沉积在密集核心的,典型的神经质的淀粉样斑块和CAA的血管内。

 

在过去的5年中,人们对APOE基因型在AD中的作用的理解已经从以Aβ为中心扩展到以胶质细胞为中心。APOE由小胶质细胞和星形细胞表达和分泌,已知它们对神经元斑块(NPs)有反应,并能吸收和降解Aβ。

以前基于体视学的定量神经病理学研究没有发现APOEε4携带和非携带的AD受试者之间反应性(GFAP+)星形胶质细胞和活化(IBA1+或CD68+)小胶质细胞的绝对数量有任何差异。然而,最近的转录组研究表明,在小鼠载脂蛋白基因座内表达人类APOE等位基因(ε2、ε3或ε4)的小鼠中(此后称为APOE敲入小鼠),以及从AD患者来源的细胞诱导的人类诱导性多能干细胞(hiPSC)衍生的胶质细胞中,这些胶质细胞的分子特征因APOE基因型的不同而不同。然而,各种APOE等位基因对人类衰老以及AD大脑中小胶质细胞和星形细胞转录组反应的影响仍有待充分阐明。

最近,研究人员通过研究APOE等位基因对没有神经淀粉样斑块的老年对照大脑的胶质转录组的影响,测试了APOE等位基因对胶质反应有不同影响的假设。

识别与正常老化的APOE基因型相关的小胶质细胞基因特征。

研究人员确定了一组小胶质细胞基因,相对于APOEε3同型者,APOEε4携带者上调,APOEε2携带者下调。这个小胶质细胞-APOE簇富含吞噬-包括TREM2和TYROBP-以及促炎症基因,并且在频繁出现神经元斑块的大脑中也可以检测到

接下来,研究人员在暴露于急性(脂多糖挑战)和慢性(脑β-淀粉样变)损伤的APOE敲入小鼠中测试了这些发现,发现这些小鼠部分再现了人类APOE相关的表达模式。

因此,该研究综合表明,APOEε4等位基因可能通过APOE-TREM2-TYROBP轴使小胶质细胞在正常衰老和阿尔茨海默病中进入吞噬和促炎状态

 

原始出处:

Alberto Serrano-Pozo et al. Effect of APOE alleles on the glial transcriptome in normal aging and Alzheimer’s disease. Nature Aging (2021). 

 

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    2022-06-01 liye789132251
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    2021-10-12 neuro.Dr

    老年性痴呆,未来还是希望借助神经电生理吧,也许更为有效!

    0

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