免疫规划调整,脊髓灰质炎疫苗和含麻疹成分疫苗接种程序变更

2020-01-07 胡丹萍 澎湃新闻

1月7日,国家卫健委官网发文《我国调整免疫规划脊髓灰质炎疫苗和含麻疹成分疫苗免疫程序》。澎湃新闻(www.thepaper.cn)注意到,根据调整后的免疫程序,脊灰疫苗接种程序将从“1+3”改为“2+2”,即原有1剂次注射剂型脊灰灭活疫苗(IPV)加3剂次脊灰口服减毒疫苗(OPV)接种程序,将改为2剂次IPV加2剂次OPV。同时,全国将实施2剂次麻疹-腮腺炎-风疹(麻腮风)联合减毒活疫苗,替代原有

1月7日,国家卫健委官网发文《我国调整免疫规划脊髓灰质炎疫苗和含麻疹成分疫苗免疫程序》。澎湃新闻(www.thepaper.cn)注意到,根据调整后的免疫程序,脊灰疫苗接种程序将从“1+3”改为“2+2”,即原有1剂次注射剂型脊灰灭活疫苗(IPV)加3剂次脊灰口服减毒疫苗(OPV)接种程序,将改为2剂次IPV加2剂次OPV。同时,全国将实施2剂次麻疹-腮腺炎-风疹(麻腮风)联合减毒活疫苗,替代原有1剂次麻风二联疫苗和1剂次麻腮风三联疫苗的方案。

国家卫健委上述文中提到,此次疫苗免疫程序调整可进一步提高Ⅱ型脊灰病毒抗体水平以及腮腺炎的免疫力。

根据此前国家卫生健康委员会、财政部、工业和信息化部、国家药监局联合发布了《关于国家免疫规划脊髓灰质炎疫苗和含麻疹成分疫苗免疫程序调整相关工作的通知》,此次涉及到的脊髓灰质炎疫苗和含麻疹成分疫苗调整是根据《疫苗管理法》有关规定以及我国脊灰、麻疹、风疹和腮腺炎传染病防控工作的实际需要,脊髓灰质炎疫苗调整自2019年12月起实施,而含麻疹成分疫苗调整自2020年6月起实施。
 
国家卫健委在上述文章中提到,目前我国使用的口服脊灰减毒活疫苗(OPV)不包含脊灰Ⅱ型病毒成分,此次调整后适龄儿童常规免疫第1、2剂次接种脊灰灭活疫苗(IPV),第3、4剂次接种脊灰减毒活疫苗(OPV),可进一步提高Ⅱ型脊灰病毒抗体水平,同时保留肠道粘膜免疫水平,阻断相应型别病毒的传播。

而针对含麻疹成分疫苗免疫程序调整,主要是将麻腮风三联疫苗替代了1剂次的麻风二联疫苗。2007年我国将麻腮风疫苗纳入国家免疫规划,实施含麻疹成分疫苗的过渡期免疫程序,8月龄接种麻疹-风疹联合疫苗(麻风疫苗),18~24月龄接种麻腮风疫苗,即含麻疹、风疹成分疫苗均接种2剂,含腮腺炎成分疫苗接种1剂。调整后即实施8月龄和18月龄各接种1剂次麻腮风疫苗的免疫策略。

国家卫健委称,含麻疹成分疫苗免疫程序调整在进一步维持适龄儿童针对麻疹和风疹免疫力的基础上,可有效提高针对腮腺炎的免疫力。

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    2020-01-09 zhaojie88
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