遗传学大牛Nature Methods发表新成果 用CRISPR打造DNA条码

2016-12-09 生物通/叶予 生物通/叶予

细菌一直在与病毒或入侵核酸进行斗争,为此它们演化出了多种防御机制,CRISPR–Cas9适应性免疫系统就是其中之一。规律成簇的间隔短回文重复CRISPR与内切酶Cas9的组合,可以在引导RNA的指引下,靶标并切割入侵者的遗传物质。2012年研究者们利用这一特点,将CRISPR系统制成了强大的基因组编辑工具。哈佛医学院和加州大学的研究人员最近在CRISPR–Cas9的基础上,开发了在活细胞中快速演化


细菌一直在与病毒或入侵核酸进行斗争,为此它们演化出了多种防御机制,CRISPR–Cas9适应性免疫系统就是其中之一。规律成簇的间隔短回文重复CRISPR与内切酶Cas9的组合,可以在引导RNA的指引下,靶标并切割入侵者的遗传物质。2012年研究者们利用这一特点,将CRISPR系统制成了强大的基因组编辑工具。

哈佛医学院和加州大学的研究人员最近在CRISPR–Cas9的基础上,开发了在活细胞中快速演化的DNA条码。这项研究发表在Nature Methods杂志上,文章通讯作者是哈佛医学院的著名遗传学家George M Church和加州大学圣地亚哥分校的Prashant Mali。

George M Church是哈佛医学院的遗传学教授、Wyss研究所的核心成员。他开发了首个直接基因组测序和DNA多重化方法,为1994年破译首个细菌基因组合2003年的二代测序技术奠定基础。他领导个人基因组项目,让公众参与进来分享基因组和健康数据。他想办法用DNA编码数据,暂时记录了活细胞中的事件。他将基因组读写技术结合起来,对细菌基因组进行迄今最大规模的重写。他还率先将CRISPR用于器官移植、逆转衰老和gene drive。

研究人员构建了一种归巢引导RNA(hgRNA)。这种hgRNA会指导Cas9–hgRNA复合体到hgRNA自己的DNA位点。研究显示,归巢CRISPR–Cas9系统可以作为细胞内表达的基因编码,以可控的速度在体外培养的细胞中发生序列多样化。

随后,研究人员在细胞群体中进一步评估这些条码。他们的研究表明,归巢CRISPR条码可以用来记录谱系历史,而且条码RNA能够原位扩增,符合原位测序的先决条件。研究人员指出,这个方法有广泛的应用前景,比如深度谱系示踪、细胞条码、分子条码,可用来分析癌症生物学机制和连接组(connectome)图谱。

原始出处

Reza Kalhor, Prashant Mali & George M Church.Rapidly evolving homing CRISPR barcodes.NATURE METHODS.2016

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    2017-07-06 liye789132251
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    2017-09-26 wgx306
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    2017-08-04 一闲
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    2016-12-11 yuandd

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