Cancer Cell:乳腺癌转移未来或可阻断

2015-03-20 霍瑶 南方都市报

乳腺癌扩散转移是患者的噩梦,有没有一种药物,可以控制癌细胞的转移通道?中大孙逸仙纪念医院的研究人员往前迈了一步。3月9日,一篇发现调控乳腺癌转移新机制的论文,登上国际肿瘤学最高学术期刊之一《癌细胞》(Cancer Cell)。人话版   • 肿瘤内部的炎症因子可以激活NFκB,打开通路让癌细胞转移。    • 不过要激

乳腺癌扩散转移是患者的噩梦,有没有一种药物,可以控制癌细胞的转移通道?中大孙逸仙纪念医院的研究人员往前迈了一步。3月9日,一篇发现调控乳腺癌转移新机制的论文,登上国际肿瘤学最高学术期刊之一《癌细胞》(Cancer Cell)。这篇研究发现长链非编码RNA (lncRNA)中能与重要的炎性转录因子NF-κB相作用的NKILA,控制了肿瘤的炎性信号,通过阻断肿瘤的炎性信号,将来有望肿瘤肿瘤的转移的可能。这一研究也为炎-癌互作提供重要的理论基础。

人话版

   
  • 肿瘤内部的炎症因子可以激活NFκB,打开通路让癌细胞转移。
  • 不过要激活NFκB这条通道,就要干掉IκB这个守门员。这个守门员很弱,就像希腊神话中阿喀琉斯之踵,肿瘤微环境很容易把它灭掉。
  • 一条非编码RNA被发现可以保护IκB,就像给阿喀琉斯穿了保护靴。这双靴子的牌子叫“NKILA”。是中大宋尔卫研究团队的功劳。
  • 未来或许可以改装这双靴子,研发出抗癌药物。
乳腺癌扩散转移是患者的噩梦,有没有一种药物,可以控制癌细胞的转移通道?中大孙逸仙纪念医院的研究人员往前迈了一步。3月9日,一篇发现调控乳腺癌转移新机制的论文,登上国际肿瘤学最高学术期刊之一《癌细胞》(Cancer Cell)。研究者发现,一种原本看似无用的RNA(非编码RNA NKILA),具有抑制乳腺癌转移的作用。如果利用这种原理设计新型药物,有可能为乳腺癌患者带来福音。
    
乳腺癌转移“帮凶”:炎性因子
    
根据广州市疾控中心统计,乳腺癌是广州女性的头号癌症杀手,发病率为50/10万,高出全国平均水平。“对于乳腺癌而言,转移是其致死的主要原因。”该论文通讯作者、中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院副院长宋尔卫介绍。
    
恶性肿瘤转移,不光取决于恶性肿瘤细胞自身的“品性”,还和肿瘤微环境中的“帮凶”密切相关。恶性肿瘤的微环境实际上是一个炎性的微环境,肿瘤细胞与间质细胞,比如巨噬细胞等免疫细胞分泌了大量的炎性因子,这些炎性因子可以激活肿瘤细胞的炎症通路,导致肿瘤的转移。
    
保护“关键通路”的守门员
    
目前分子靶向治疗已写入多种恶性肿瘤治疗的新规范。分子靶向治疗好比“点穴”,通过研究找到抑制肿瘤转移的关键节点分子,也就是“穴位”,设计药物来阻止它。
    
此次宋尔卫研究团队将目光放在了乳腺癌细胞内部的炎症通路上。经研究发现,N FκB正是联系炎症和恶性肿瘤的关键通路。炎症因子能否激活NFκB,造成肿瘤的转移,抑制蛋白IκB的完整性是关键一环。
    
宋尔卫把IκB比成“守门员”,只要它完整,NFκB就无法过度激活,这样肿瘤转移就不容易发生。但IκB有个弱点,就像希腊神话中阿喀琉斯之踵,当它被磷酸化之后会快速降解,导致N FκB的激活。
    
宋尔卫表示,抑制N FκB通路激活的化合物早已问世,但问题是不能把它们直接用于临床治疗上,“因为它们把正常的机体需要的NFκB功能也抑制了,副作用太大”。
    
守门员的天然“保护靴”
    
宋尔卫研究团队经过五年研究,终于找到一个NFκB通路的天然抑制分子:它是抑制IkB蛋白降解的非编码RNA,被宋尔卫命名为NKILA。
    
NKILA到底有何作用?实际上,在肿瘤微环境中“磷酸化”的力量很强大,IκB不保,所以NFKB很容易被激活。“我们这次发现的抑制分子就像一个‘靴子’,把‘阿喀琉斯之踵’给保护起来了,这样N FκB就没那么容易激活了。”宋尔卫说,“更有趣的是,一般的抑制分子都是蛋白质,这次我们发现的是一条RNA,即核糖核酸,它具有相当于蛋白质的功能。”
    
研究有何临床意义
    
1.为抗肿瘤药提供新思路
    
DNA、RNA和蛋白质被认为是主要的三类生物大分子。绝大部分的DNA和RNA不参与蛋白质编码。其中,这些不编码蛋白质的RNA被称为“非编码RNA”。中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院研究团队此次发现的NKILA,是一条“长非编码RNA”。宋尔卫表示,过去长非编码RNA不受重视,但是此次的研究首次发现长非编码RNA在肿瘤非可控性炎症信号通路中的调控作用,目前,该团队正继续寻找调控肿瘤其他关键信号通路的长非编码RNA。
    
长非编码RNA的独特之处主要体现在,“和蛋白相比,它更‘软’一些,也更灵活一些,当我们研究清楚它起作用的机制以后我们可以重新修改和组装它,把它变得足够小,但是仍然有功能,这就有可能为抗肿瘤药物研发提供新思路。”不过,宋尔卫表示,药物的研发还是需要相当长的一段时间。
    
2.乳腺癌预后的检测指标
    
研究人员还发现,NKILA的表达水平随着乳腺癌的发展逐渐降低,并且可以作为乳腺癌预后的一个独立预测指标。从技术上来说,长非编码RNA在检测特异性方面更具有优势。
    
宋尔卫研究团队希望,能够找到更多的调控恶性肿瘤关键信号通路的长非编码R N A,了解它们的功能和机制,最终能够为乳腺癌的诊断和治疗找到新的“点穴”方法。

原始出处:
Liu B, Sun L, Liu Q, Gong C, Yao Y, Lv X, Lin L, Yao H, Su F, Li D, Zeng M, Song E.A Cytoplasmic NF-κB Interacting Long Noncoding RNA Blocks IκB Phosphorylation and Suppresses Breast Cancer Metastasis. Cancer Cell. 2015 Mar 9;27(3):370-81. doi: 10.1016/j.ccell.2015.02.004.

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    2015-04-08 维他命
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    2015-07-09 cmn

    中国学者

    0

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  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1959301, encodeId=a61619593014b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Wed Apr 08 07:04:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1869050, encodeId=7be51869050a5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Wed Jun 10 12:04:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=32148, encodeId=06d732148a9, content=中国学者, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=107, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/aLGWoFXAyMbIu3qymFOyhRUzmFEmHvdIaOns4DmF3BicVffXjkOjBTiaMUIA4o7feGvE5IJ0SfSco4ib955Rx7bvWlib7j9V15xp/0, createdBy=814d1631326, createdName=cmn, createdTime=Thu Jul 09 20:59:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1710006, encodeId=932a1e10006be, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7ac59e67604' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阻断#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=97676, encryptionId=7ac59e67604, topicName=阻断)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b5ca31824852, createdName=41514497@qq.com, createdTime=Wed May 06 10:04:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1780648, encodeId=65551e80648d9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=517a4016ac' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#cancer cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4016, encryptionId=517a4016ac, topicName=cancer cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=96f62500201, createdName=12498e67m28暂无昵称, createdTime=Fri Oct 09 06:04:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=18645, encodeId=32af1864563, content=卢海的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=142, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=36a81612921, createdName=xiaoai5777, createdTime=Sun Mar 22 18:51:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1590263, encodeId=fd2b159026351, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2c17e154824' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癌转移#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71548, encryptionId=2c17e154824, topicName=癌转移)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2dc017794099, createdName=linagood, createdTime=Sun Mar 22 05:04:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=18579, encodeId=2abc185e9f0, content=有点夸张,不过成果发表不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=116, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=96871613250, createdName=medcardio, createdTime=Fri Mar 20 23:32:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-03-22 xiaoai5777

    卢海的

    0

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    2015-03-20 medcardio

    有点夸张,不过成果发表不错

    0

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研究目的:探究高或低强度运动后患者的峰值耗氧量变化(即VO2peak,是评价人体有氧工作能力的重要指标)。设计方式:采用实验性研究比较两个随机干预组和一个对照组实验场所:实验在澳大利亚一个大学的运动医务室进行。样本:87名年龄在47-80岁的前列腺癌幸存者和72名年龄范围在34-76岁的乳腺癌幸存者。研究方式:参与实验的患者登记之后被随机分配到对照组和实验组,实验组患者有84名,被施加一个为期8周

Nature:乳腺癌易感基因新位点

乳腺癌的研究持续发力,3月9日,Nature Genetics杂志发表了一项关于乳腺癌的新的研究,该研究是由英国癌症研所资助,科学家通过全基因组关联研究(Genome-wide association studies, GWAS),发现了了15个新的乳腺癌易感基因位点。 GWAS研究和大量的重复研究已经鉴定了79个和乳腺癌相关的位点,这在一定程度上解释了乳腺癌的家族风险。为了鉴定新的易感基

BMC cancer:单一激素受体阳性预后与三阴乳腺癌相当?

雌、孕激素受体(estrogen receptor,ER;progesterone receptor,PR)和人类表皮生长因子受体-2(human epithelial growth factor receptor-2,HER-2)的免疫组化检测已经成为常规的乳腺癌临床诊疗项目,根据检测结果,乳腺癌可划分为Luminal亚型(ER阳性和/或PR阳性)、Basal-like亚型(ER、PR、HER-

Cancer:瑜伽有助于减轻乳腺癌患者的围绝经期症状

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ACSO乳腺癌指南更新

目前,绝大多数乳腺癌属于激素受体阳性乳腺癌,如接近60%~75%患者为雌激素受体阳性(ER+),65%患者为孕激素受体阳性(PgR+)。而辅助内分泌治疗几乎对所有ER+和(或)PgR+乳腺癌有效,已在发达国家和发展中国家患者中得到广泛应用。 近10年,他莫昔芬治疗5年被公认为激素受体阳性乳腺癌辅助内分泌治疗的标准治疗方案。近期,芳香化酶抑制剂成为绝经后女性患者替代他莫昔芬或他莫昔芬后续治