盘点:2019年11月Gastroenterology研究精选

2019-11-05 MedSci MedSci原创

2019年11月Gastroenterology研究精选


【1】内窥镜肿瘤播散与异时直肠癌


统计发现,接受直肠癌(CRC)手术的患者中,3%的患者会出现异时性CRC复发。近日研究人员考察了结肠镜检查中植入肿瘤(医源性肿瘤细胞在受损粘膜中的植入)对异时结直肠癌风险的影响。

研究在荷兰开展,CRC患者在手术后6个月至3.5年内进行复诊,22例符合纳入标准的患者,其最有可能的病因是内镜下的操作,如活检或息肉切除术,原发肿瘤操作后,随后导致异时性肿瘤。研究人员收集了患者的临床数据,通过下一代测序比较了原发性和异时性结直肠肿瘤的分子特征。5例患者确认肿瘤播散是最可能的异时结直肠癌病因,3例原发和异时性结直肠肿瘤均有相同的分子特征。另外5例不同病因的异时性CRC患者的中,原发肿瘤和异时性肿瘤的分子特征完全不同。对2147例患者的回顾表明,在结肠镜检查期间肿瘤播种的风险为0.3%-0.6%。在活检过程中,结肠镜的工作通道会被活的肿瘤细胞污染,这些细胞被证明能保持其增殖潜能。

【2】药物性肝损伤患者死亡风险影响因素研究


药物性肝损伤(DILI)患者常伴有合并症,近日研究人员就DILI患者的共同发病率负担和结局之间的关联进行了考察,并制定并验证了6个月内死亡风险的模型。

306名疑似DILI患者参与前瞻性研究(开发队列),考察患者6个月内与死亡独立相关的变量。另有247名疑似DILI患者的数据作为验证队列。医学共病负担采用Charlson共病指数计算,评分高于2分的患者被认为有显著的共病。开发队列6个月死亡率为8.5%,验证队列中的死亡率为4.5%。在开发队列中,显著的共病(比值比[OR]=5.4),终末期肝病评分模型(OR=1.11),血清白蛋白水平(OR=0.39)与6个月死亡率独立相关。基于这3个变量的模型确定了6个月内死亡的患者,开发组的C统计值为0.89,验证组为0.91。

【3】DAAs与HCV患者肝癌死亡风险


直接抗病毒药物(DAA)治疗丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染对肝细胞癌(HCC)患者的益处仍存在争议。近日研究人员比较DAAS治疗与未接受DAA治疗的HCV感染人群的总体生存率差异。

在797例HCV相关性肝癌患者中,383例(48.1%)接受了DAA治疗,414例(51.9%)在肿瘤治疗完全反应后未接受HCV感染治疗。在DAA治疗的患者中,有43例死亡,而未接受DAA治疗的患者中103人死亡(CRR:0.23)。在反向概率加权分析中,DAA治疗可显著降低死亡风险(HR=0.54)。这种关联因持续病毒学反应(SVR)对DAA治疗的不同而不同,SVR对DAA治疗的死亡风险降低(HR=0.29),而在无SVR的患者中则无差异(HR=1.13)。

【4】夹子闭合与较大结肠病变术后出血风险


近日研究人员评估了2cm以上非蒂结直肠病变患者接受结肠内窥镜粘膜切除术(EMR)后采用夹子封闭对延迟出血风险的影响。

在夹子组中,68例(57%)病例完成完全闭合,33例(28%)病例部分闭合,18例(15%)病例未闭合。对照组14例(12.1%)患者和夹子组6例(5%)患者出现延迟出血(绝对风险差异,夹子组减少7%)。在完成夹闭后,仅有1例(1.5%)延迟出血(绝对风险降低10.6%)。

【5】HCV根除与肝癌风险研究


目前还不清楚肝细胞癌(HCC)在丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)根除后是否会随着时间的推移而降低。近日研究人员分析了HCV根除后HCC年发病率的变化并确定了HCC风险的动态标记物。

48135名患者参与研究,获得了持续的病毒应答(29033名患者接受了直接作用抗病毒药物[DAA]治疗,19102名患者接受了干扰素治疗)。随访至2019年2月14日(平均5.4年),期间发现1509例HCC。DAAs治疗前,肝硬化患者中(n=9784),SVR前纤维化-4(FIB-4)评分≥3.25的患者HCC(3.66%/年)年发病率较高于FIB-4评分<3.25的患者(1.16%/年,调整风险比2.14)。在DAA治疗的肝硬化患者中,SVR后FIB-4评分为≥3.25,年肝癌风险由SVR后第一年的3.8%/年降至第4年的2.4%/年(P=.01)。在干扰素治疗且FIB-4评分为≥3.25分的患者中,即使在SVR后10年,年肝癌风险仍在2%/年以上。FIRB-4评分从SVR前≥3.25下降到SVR后3.25以下可降低50%的HCC风险,但绝对年风险仍然高于2%/年。在治疗前没有肝硬化的患者(n=38351)具有较低的HCC风险。

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    2020-08-24 许安
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