JAMA Oncology:减肥有理!肥胖增加非裔美国人患前列腺癌风险

2015-04-17 Zhang JL译 MedSci原创

肥胖对于非裔美国人和非拉美裔白人在患前列腺癌的风险方面有着截然不同的影响。根据第一个大型共同研究种族和肥胖对患前列腺癌风险影响的前瞻性研究,肥胖使黑人男性罹患低级和高级前列腺癌的风险大幅增加,却使白人适度减少患低级前列腺癌的风险,并且略增加患高级前列腺癌的风险。该项研究结果在4月16日发表在JAMA Oncology杂志上,是由弗雷德哈钦森癌症研究中心和华盛顿大学的研究人员共同完成的一项全国性研究

肥胖对于非裔美国人和非拉美裔白人在患前列腺癌的风险方面有着截然不同的影响。根据第一个大型共同研究种族和肥胖对患前列腺癌风险影响的前瞻性研究,肥胖使黑人男性罹患低级和高级前列腺癌的风险大幅增加,却使白人适度减少患低级前列腺癌的风险,并且略增加患高级前列腺癌的风险。该项研究结果在4月16日发表在JAMA Oncology杂志上,是由弗雷德哈钦森癌症研究中心和华盛顿大学的研究人员共同完成的一项全国性研究。

该研究团队由Fred Hutch公共健康科学部成员Alan Kristal博士和第一和通讯作者、华盛顿大学护理学院助理教授Wendy Barrington博士带领。他们发现,黑人男性肥胖者(体重指数35或更高)对比那些正常的体重(体重指数为25或更低)的男性,其患低级前列腺癌的风险增加了122%而患高级前列腺癌的风险增加81%。相比之下,对于非拉美裔白人,,肥胖者比正常体重者患低级前列腺癌的风险降低了20%,而患高级前列腺癌的风险只增加了33%。

“由于未知原因,非洲裔美国男性患前列腺癌的风险远高于非拉美裔白人。肥胖的影响可能解释一些风险的差异,但更重要的是,在非洲裔美国男性中预防肥胖可能大幅降低患前列腺癌的风险。”Kristal说。

据美国国家癌症研究所调查,在美国黑人男性患前列腺癌的几率比任何种族或族群都高,他们更容易得高侵袭性的癌症并且死亡的可能性是非拉美裔白人的两倍多。非裔美国人患癌风险升高的原因不仅仅由于社会劣势,如对资源的获得,还包括生物因素。

这项研究表明肥胖这一同时受到社会和生物因素的影响的状态,可能会在Kristal和Barrington所说的前列腺癌风险“非裔美国人的种族效应”背后发挥重要作用。超过三分之一的美国人肥胖,而肥胖的患病率在非洲裔美国男性稍高约37%,非拉美裔白人肥胖率则为32%。

“鉴于肥胖是在非裔美国人中更为常见,前列腺癌与肥胖之间的关系是一个值得研究的重要问题,因为它可能揭示如何减少黑/白前列腺癌发病率的差异。”她说。这项研究由至少35000名来自美国各地的、加拿大和波多黎各的男性参与。在这些参与者中,包括近3400名非洲裔美国人,都在随访中关注其癌症和其他疾病的发展。同时,由一个研究病理学家负责检测被诊断出患有前列腺癌的前列腺组织,以确定这是低级别还是高级别前列腺癌。研究提供了一个风险因素的宝贵高质量数据如种族、身高、体重、家族史、以及前列腺癌筛查的使用。

肥胖的发现是“偶然”和“潜在巨大的重要性,”Kristal说,“在一个相关分析中我们希望统计肥胖的影响。我们注意到肥胖与前列腺癌风险的关联在非裔美国人和非拉美裔白人之间大有不同。”

为什么会有这种差异呢?“有证据表明,对肥胖的生物学反应,如炎症和葡萄糖耐量异常,在非裔美国男性中更为明显,而炎症和胰岛素可能促进癌症的发展,”Kristal说。肥胖也会影响控制前列腺癌增殖的基因,“但坦白说,这只是猜测,”他说,“这是研究人员下一个需要解答的问题,因为答案会告诉我们一些非常重要的关于前列腺癌发展和预防的信息。”

“肥胖预防和治疗应该优先考虑所有的美国人,但似乎在非裔美国人中更为看重,”Barrington说,“死于前列腺癌的非洲裔美国人有45/100000人,但白人只有19/100000人,而肥胖是导致这一重要健康差距的原因。卫生保健提供者需要有针对性的策略为非裔美国人预防肥胖以减少罹患前列腺癌男性的差距。”

原始出处:


Alan R. Kristal et al. Associations of obesity with prostate cancer risk differ between U.S. African-American and non-Hispanic white men in the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT). JAMA Oncology, April 2015 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2015.0513

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    2015-05-13 sjq027

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