NMPA:批准再鼎医药肿瘤电场疗法用于胶质母细胞瘤治疗上市,开创治疗新纪元

2020-05-13 MedSci MedSci原创

今日从再鼎医药获悉,该公司从以色列引进的、名为Optune的肿瘤电场治疗(TTFields)产品获得国家药监局(NMPA)创新医疗器械资格认定,于今日审批上市,国内正式迎来首款肿瘤电场疗法。去年9月2

今日从再鼎医药获悉,该公司从以色列引进的、名为Optune的肿瘤电场治疗(TTFields)产品获得国家药监局(NMPA)创新医疗器械资格认定,于今日审批上市,国内正式迎来首款肿瘤电场疗法。去年9月23日获NMPA创新医疗器械资格认定。

肿瘤电场治疗是一种利用特定电场频率干扰细胞分裂,抑制肿瘤增长并使受电场影响的癌细胞死亡的肿瘤治疗手段。Optune是全球首个且唯一经美国食品药品管理局(FDA)批准的肿瘤电场治疗产品,已在多个国家、地区获批用于脑胶质瘤的治疗。

Optune肿瘤电场疗法用于胶质母细胞瘤,疗效惊人

长期以来针对胶质母细胞瘤的治疗手段非常有限,主要以手术为主,结合放疗及替莫唑胺化疗,自2005年替莫唑胺上市和2009年美国FDA批准贝伐珠单抗用于复发胶质母细胞瘤患者后,再无其他疗法问世。

在 EF-14 的国际三期对照临床试验中,近 700 名完成放化疗的脑胶质瘤患者,一组接受替莫唑胺(化疗),另一组接受 Optune+替莫唑胺联合治疗。

结果显示,加上 Optune 以后,无进展生存率和总生存率都明显提高了(P< 0.001)。

中位无进展生存期从 4 个月提高到了 6.7 个月,而中位总生存期从 16 个月,提高到了 20.9 个月五年生存率,也从 5% 提高到了 13%。

研究还显示,穿戴时间越长效果越好。每天超过 22 小时的患者,五年生存率接近 30%!对于如此有挑战的疾病,这样的数据是很让人鼓舞的。

尽管Optune刚刚在中国大陆上市,肿瘤电场治疗在2018年12月被国家卫健委《脑胶质瘤诊疗规范(2018年版)》,特别推荐用于治疗新发胶质母细胞瘤(1级证据)和复发高级别脑胶质瘤(2级证据)。

肿瘤电场治疗探索更多瘤种

肿瘤电场治疗针对四种实体肿瘤适应症的研究已进入晚期临床开发阶段,包括非小细胞肺癌脑转移、胃癌、胰腺癌和卵巢癌。在恶性间皮瘤的 STELLAR研究中,Optune 配合化疗,中位总生存期达到 18.2 个月,而历史数据显示,单独使用化疗,这个数据仅为 12.1 个月。

近期公布的试验数据显示,对于程度较高的恶性胸膜间皮瘤,肿瘤电场治疗配合一线化疗,可以将患者的生存期延长6个月,接受组合疗法治疗的患者中位总生存期为18.2个月,因此成为15年来FDA在晚期MPM中首个批准的新疗法。

再鼎医药提供的资料显示,在对被称之为“癌症之王”的胰腺癌的临床试验结果上,配合吉西他滨或者吉西他滨+白蛋白结合型紫杉醇使用时,肿瘤电场治疗用作晚期胰腺癌的一线治疗手段时,可以让患者的1年生存率翻一倍。

肿瘤电场疗法的市场前景

2018年9月,再鼎医药从以色列Novocure公司获得在大中华区推广Optune的独家许可。并在2018年底,迅速于中国香港上市,用于多形性胶质母细胞瘤,中国香港也成为继美国、欧洲、日本之后第四个上市该治疗方案的市场。

Optune是一款可穿戴设备,外观类似一顶由电场贴片做成的帽子,所有的贴片与电池相连接。病人每天的佩戴时间不低于18个小时。在实际治疗中需要根据肿瘤的位置大小要去设计电场贴片,之后患者的肿瘤还会发生变化,每个月根据治疗效果调整一次。

“这个产品既是一个可穿戴设备,同时它的治疗方案又是由一个人工智能软件来确认的,充电维护的技术来自特斯拉,另外还会涉及到大数据的上传分析,可以说它代表了黑科技的结晶。”梁怡说。

需要注意的是,肿瘤电场治疗虽然总体上说没有系统性的毒副作用,但如果戴着电场贴片长达几年时间,可能会出现皮肤过敏等问题。若单独使用Optune,效果和化疗类似。目前的研究数据显示,化疗患者严重不良反应率为16%,Optune的患者中严重不良反应的比例为6%。

Optune肿瘤电场疗法的定价将如何?

Optune在多个国家地区上市以后也给这家创新公司带来了较高的收入回报。Novocure2018年度财报显示,公司实现收入2.481亿美元。当年度使用Optune的病人数量达到2383人(其中美国有1637人,德国及欧洲/中东/非洲地区654人,日本92人),同比增长30%。尽管Optune在多个国家的诊疗方案中获得推荐,但若仅仅是患者单方支付, Optune的治疗费用相当昂贵。美国癌症研究协会2018年4月的研究表明,在美国,未使用商业保险的治疗价格为2.1万美元/人/月,150368美元/人/生命年,198032美元/人/质量调整寿命年。

Optune按月收取治疗费用,因此随着疗程的延长,整体价格也会相应提高,当与其他治疗相结合使用时,治疗的整体成本将大于单一类型的治疗。但是,就其延长生存期而言,或与其它创新药物相比而言,价格仍然在合理范围内。

不过,在很多国家和地区正在推动实现肿瘤电场治疗的多方支付。今年9月开始,肿瘤电场治疗已经被美国联邦医疗保险纳入报销范围。另外,中国香港和澳门的公立医院目前也在积极将其纳入医保报销。

再鼎正在考虑未来能否通过在中国本地生产的方式,将该治疗方案的成本降低,以惠及更多中国患者。“药企过去一直说在科学领域做研发,但其实也需要在帮助患者、提升可及性方面做更多的研发,通过金融创新、慈善援助等各种方法帮患者找到一个治疗途径,打造以患者为中心的肿瘤生态圈。”

除了高昂的价格带来的可及性问题之外,梁怡认为,在Optune上市之前仍有许多复杂的工作需要完成,包括前期的医生培训、后期的数据跟踪、产品运维等等。再加上,在治疗中患者每日的佩戴时长达到18个小时,保证患者的依从性也是一个重要的命题。

在美国,该产品的后台支持成本非常高,需要配备24小时的热线和维修团队为患者提供服务保障。目前再鼎也正在摸索创新的服务方式。“我们未来的患者治疗模式相当复杂,好在我们在香港已经上市了,香港的经验会帮助我们做好内地的上市。”

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    2021-03-08 zutt
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    2020-06-06 lovetcm
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    2020-05-15 cathymary
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