Neurology:脑微出血、脑淀粉样血管病及其与神经变性定量标志物的关系

2022-03-12 Naomi MedSci原创

近日,有研究人员试图阐明CMBS如何与大脑的形态变化(幕上脑体积、灰质和白质体积以及皮质厚度)相关,同时解释小血管疾病的其他标志。研究表明 CMB/CAA 对神经退行性变的贡献可能与组织损失无关。

      与年龄相关的认知衰退是由神经血管和神经退行性疾病的复杂交互作用驱动的。脑微出血 (CMB) 很好地说明了这种相互作用,CMB 是小而圆形的、富含铁血黄素的巨噬细胞集合,代表大脑中先前微出血的病灶。位于脑深部区域(如基底节和幕下区域)的 CMB 是小血管疾病的放射生物标志物,与高血压、高脂血症和糖尿病等危险因素相关。脑淀粉样蛋白血管病 (CAA)的病理特征是血管壁中 β-淀粉样蛋白 (Aβ) 的逐渐沉积。CAA 是一种临床实体,其特征是年龄较大、播散性浅表铁质沉着症、大出血和脑叶中的多个CMB。CAA 和认知能力下降之间的关系很复杂,但近年来出现了强烈的关联。CMB 存在于约 20% 的认知正常的老年人中,但高达 40% 的阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 患者存在。重要的是,CMB 与认知障碍和死亡率增加之间存在显着关联。CAA 和 AD 也有重叠——两者都涉及 Aβ 的异常沉积,估计 52-98% 的 AD 神经病理学改变的个体也有 CAA。

      许多神经退行性疾病(如 AD)的结构标志是进行性皮质萎缩。以前的工作表明,脑萎缩也可能是神经血管疾病的关键神经影像学标志物。例如,小血管疾病在 MRI 成像上的特征是白质高信号、扩张的血管周围空间 (PVS)、腔隙性梗塞和 CMB,但这些不同的标志物被认为最终合并为脑萎缩作为最终的共同途径。此外,先前的一项研究表明,与年龄匹配的健康对照相比,患有遗传性和散发性 CAA 的人的皮质厚度减少。尽管浅表 CMB 与潜在的 CAA 病理学密切相关,但关于浅表 CMB 和灰质体积的关联的报道相互矛盾,最近的两项研究发现没有关联,一项研究发现浅表 CMB 与较小的灰质体积相关。先前的工作也显示了关于表面 CMB/CAA 与白质体积之间关系的类似矛盾证据。

      近日,有研究人员试图阐明CMBS如何与大脑的形态变化(幕上脑体积、灰质和白质体积以及皮质厚度)相关,同时解释小血管疾病的其他标志。利用三个有可用的脑MRI和尸检的大脑样本,研究假设浅表CMBS和相关的CAA与神经退行性变的体积参数有关。

      从3个大的队列中进行横断面分析:北曼哈顿研究(NOMAS)、阿尔茨海默病神经成像倡议(ADNI)和新加坡痴呆症流行病学研究(EDIS)。研究人员对82例来自脑动脉重塑研究(BARS)的尸检病例进行了验证性分析。采用多元回归分析来研究脑血管疾病的两个相关标记物-基于MRI的CMBS和基于尸检的CAA作为自变量,以及神经退行性变的体积标记物作为因变量之间的关系。NOMAS包括来自曼哈顿北部的55岁或55岁以上的无痴呆症参与者。ADNI包括居住在美国的参与者,年龄在55-90岁之间,认知状况各不相同。EDI包括居住在新加坡的社区参与者,年龄在60岁及以上,具有一系列认知状态。这些样本包括死后病理样本。

  • 研究纳入了 2657 名具有可用 MRI 数据的参与者和来自 BARS 的 82 例尸检病例。
  • 在 NOMAS、ADNI 和 EDIS 的荟萃分析中,浅表 CMB 与较大的灰质 (β=4.49 ± 1.13, P=0.04) 和白质 (β=4.72 ± 2.1, P=0.03) 体积相关。
  • 1 个 CMB 的参与者(β=5.17 ± 2.47, P=0.04)比 ≥ 2 个 CMB 的参与者(β=1.97 ± 3.41, P=0.56)更明显表层 CMB 与较大白质体积之间的关联。
  • 在 BARS 中,CAA 与皮质厚度增加相关(β = 6.5 ± 2.3,P=0.016),但与脑重量增加无关(β=1.54 ± 1.29,P=0.26)。

      浅表CMB 与更大的脑形态测量值相关,特别是白质体积。这种关联在 CMB 较少的大脑中最强,这表明 CMB/CAA 对神经退行性变的贡献可能与组织损失无关,至少在疾病的早期阶段。

文献来源:Beaman C, Kozii K, Hilal S, et al. Cerebral Microbleeds, Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy, and Their Relationships to Quantitative Markers of Neurodegeneration [published online ahead of print, 2022 Feb 28]. Neurology. 2022;10.1212/WNL.0000000000200142. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000200142

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time=2022-03-14, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  4. 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  5. 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time=2022-03-14, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-10-31 yinhl1978
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    2022-03-14 huangdf
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