Cell:只需15分钟!新方法使造血干细胞捐赠更方便

2017-12-11 佚名 生物探索

美国麻省总院(MGH)癌症中心和哈佛干细胞研究所的研究人员们开发出了一种获取干细胞用于骨髓移植的新方法,使造血干细胞捐赠过程更方便,且捐赠者更少地出现不愉快。这一成果在线发表在11月7日的Cell上。

美国麻省总院(MGH)癌症中心和哈佛干细胞研究所的研究人员们开发出了一种获取干细胞用于骨髓移植的新方法,使造血干细胞捐赠过程更方便,且捐赠者更少地出现不愉快。这一成果在线发表在11月7日的Cell上。

“我们获取干细胞的新方法只需要一次注射和花15分钟调动所需要的细胞;所以煮个鸡蛋的时间,我们就能够获得按现行标准五天产生的干细胞数量。这意味着更少的痛苦、对捐赠者工作和生活方式更少的破坏;为临床工作人员提供更多的便利,以及收获过程的可预测性。”第一作者Jonathan Hoggatt 博士这样说。

而目前,最常见的造血系统干细胞的获取方法需要捐献者每天接受一种叫做G-CSF的药物,这种药物诱导干细胞从骨髓进入血液循环。五天的注射可能产生不良影响,收集干细胞也需要四到五个小时。

在模式动物中两种药物联合使用显效

Hoggatt和同事在之前的研究已经提高了干细胞捐赠方式。他们发现增加NSAID药物如阿司匹林和布洛芬可以将标准收集方法的有效性翻倍。但由于这种方法仍然依赖于多次注射G-CSF,因此研究小组认为干细胞捐赠真正显着改善需要消除G-CSF的需要。

在以往的工作中,研究团队发现,一种名为GRO(growth regulated oncogene,生长调节原癌基因)β在动物模型中能诱导干细胞从骨髓快速进入血液。这项研究小组的初步实验显示,在人体志愿者中,GROβ的注射是安全且耐受性良好的,但在动员干细胞方面效果并不明显。

因此,他们试图用AMD3100与GROβ相结合使用。AMD3100是一个已经批准的药物,用于和G-CSF联合应用促进干细胞的动员。研究人员发现,同时运用这两种药物,迅速产生干细胞的数量等于G-CSF方法五天提供的量。

新的造血干细胞类似胚胎造血干细胞

除了确定由GROβ和AMD3100联合用药很快产生足够的干细胞,研究小组发现,用这些细胞在小鼠模型中进行移植导致对骨髓更快的重建和免疫细胞数量的恢复。这种方法产生的干细胞也显示出与胚胎造血干细胞相似的基因表达模式。胚胎造血干细胞位于肝脏,而不是骨髓。

Hoggatt说:“研究发现通过我们新的策略,产生的造血干细胞表达了与胎儿肝脏HSCs相似的基因。这表明它们将很好地进入空的骨髓空间,并迅速分裂以填充骨髓并产生血液。现在我们需要在临床试验中测试这种组合,以确认其在人类身上的安全性和有效性。”

针对基因治疗解决关键瓶颈问题

Hoggatt补充道:这些新的、高度可移植的造血干细胞和生产它们的方法是一个有价值的、新的科学工具,可能会导致更好的骨髓移植效果。 他说:“这是骨髓移植方面一个激动人心的时刻,因为可以治疗甚至治愈的疾病数量正在增加。”

随着针对镰状细胞贫血、β地中海贫血和严重联合免疫缺陷病等疾病基因治疗策略的发展,拥有足够高质量、基因改变的细胞可能成为关键瓶颈。而这个方法正好可以获取大量高度可移植的造血干细胞。

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    2017-12-13 俅侠
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    2017-12-11 清风拂面

    很好的文章.学习了

    0

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看哭了!美女自曝捐献造血干细胞日志,万名网友围观点赞

18岁开始,每年都在固定献血。直到准备捐献之前累计献了3200ml,别看我刚卡了一百斤体重,每次也抽400ml封顶的。09年一次献血的时候,顺便留了两管血样,入了中华骨髓库,十万分之一配型成功概率,我当时猜没那么巧吧。

NATURE:我国科学家揭示m6A调控造血干细胞命运决定新机制”

血液,是生命的源泉。不断流动的血细胞既可以运输营养物质,又起到免疫保护作用。在发育过程中,所有的血细胞都来源于胚胎期产生的造血干细胞。随后,这些干细胞会迁移至成体骨髓以维持终身造血,此外,它们也是骨髓移植术治疗恶性血液疾病的核心组分。但在临床上,造血干细胞来源匮乏一直是制约血液疾病治疗的瓶颈。因此,探索造血干细胞的体内发育机制以及建立体外诱导扩增方案便成为当今科学界的研究热点。目前,人们对于造血干

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造血干细胞是血液系统中的成体干细胞,具有自我更新、多向分化的潜能。造血干细胞可以分化形成各类成熟血细胞,以此满足生理需求和调节各细胞组分之间的平衡。如果发生严重感染,造血干细胞会生成更多的白细胞以抵抗病原物。