BMJ子刊:减肥15年都没有用?肥胖患者该发生的糖尿病和心血管风险还是会发生!

2022-04-22 liangying MedSci原创

VLCD对2型糖尿病的持续缓解或后期葡萄糖不耐受的预防均未实现。

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营养在2型糖尿病发展中的重要性已被广泛认可。2型糖尿病由β细胞衰竭和胰岛素抵抗共同导致,后者几乎总是与一定程度的肥胖有关。整体人群体重减轻与2型糖尿病患病率的降低有关,例如,古巴因1990年的强制紧缩,成年人口的平均体重下降了5公斤,2型糖尿病的患病率在10年内下降,在紧缩结束后的10年里,这一趋势发生了逆转。这突显了以社区为基础的减肥计划可能会降低肥胖和2型糖尿病的患病率。

本研究的目的是评估肥胖患者在接受极低热量饮食计划(VLCD) 15年后的体重维持、糖尿病状况、死亡率和发病率。

本研究在20世纪90年代对VLCD组治疗中编码的受试者进行了全科医学数据库的查询。死亡原因、血管疾病的发生、糖尿病的缓解或发展从患者记录和国家中风和心血管疾病数据库中确定。

325名受试者参与了该项目,并拥有足够的数据进行分析。基线特征为:年龄47.8±12. 8岁,体重指数(BMI)36.16.8 kg/m2,女性占79.1%,男性占20.9%,13.5%患有2型糖尿病。15±4 年后,体重从基线检查时的97.9±19千克增加到100±20.8千克。基线检查时有10名糖尿病患者在3个月时病情缓解,但只有两名患者在5年后仍处于缓解状态。

减肥研究中2型糖尿病患者减重后的生存期,按基线BMI的四分位数分层。BMI,身体质量指数

随访期间新发50例2型糖尿病和11例空腹血糖受损。只有5.9%在随访中保持健康的人体重减轻了10%以上。糖尿病发病率和无糖尿病生存率均与VLCD期间体重减轻的百分比无关。只有基线BMI与15年前新的空腹血糖受损或糖尿病的发生有关(p=0.007)。37名受试者发生心血管事件。年龄(p=0.000002)和VLCD后体重减轻程度(p=0.03)与随后的血管事件显著相关。

在15年后的这项单中心回顾性研究中,VLCD后长期维持体重减轻是罕见的,21.4%的患者出现了葡萄糖不耐受。VLCD对2型糖尿病的持续缓解或后期葡萄糖不耐受的预防均未实现。血管事件在体重减轻最多的人群中更为频繁。未来应研究体重恢复期间的风险管理,以评估减少心血管不良后果的可能性。

参考文献:Paisey R, Daniels C, Howitt W, et al Body weight, diabetes incidence vascular events and survival 15 years after very low calorie diet in community medical clinics in the UK BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health 2022;e000363. doi: 10.1136/bmjnph-2021-000363

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    2023-01-14 gaoxiaoe
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    2022-04-22 ms5000001586473032

    ?那是体重恢复影响还是?减轻体重无用?

    0

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    2022-04-13 CHANGE

    什么时候有懒人用的减肥神药?

    0

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