Alzheimers Dementia:干预痴呆,措施越多越好么?

2022-02-09 Freeman MedSci原创

干预痴呆,措施越多越好么?

流行病学证据表明,可改变的生活方式因素有助于老年痴呆症和认知能力下降的风险。因此,大规模的预防研究考察了多领域预防干预措施的作用,以减少有痴呆风险的老年人的认知能力下降(例如,全球FINGERS倡议2)。这些干预措施的重点是可改变的风险因素,最常见的是体育活动、刺激认知的活动、饮食和血管风险因素。

迄今为止发表的结果表明,对认知的影响是不同的。芬兰老年人预防认知障碍和残疾的干预研究(FINGER)是一项为期2年的多领域干预,针对运动、饮食、认知训练和血管监测,报告称,相对于接受常规护理的参与者,随机接受干预的参与者的整体认知能力有所提高。次要分析表明,对执行功能和速度有积极影响,但对记忆过程没有影响,这表明认知成分对这些干预措施的敏感性不一样。为期3年的多领域阿尔茨海默病预防试验(MAPT)在其主要分析中报告了中性结果,但在心血管危险因素、老化和痴呆症发病率(CAIDE)量表上得分较高而有下降风险的人中有积极作用。这两项研究都使用了多领域的干预措施,时间跨度为2至3年,参与者的依从性各不相同(依从性定义为至少完成66%的规定干预)。因此,提供给个体参与者的剂量可能影响了观察到的效果的大小,这可能因测量的认知领域或参与者的特征而有所不同。

多领域阿尔茨海默病预防试验是一项为期3年的随机对照试验,包括针对高危老年人的认知训练、体育活动、营养和欧米茄-3多不饱和脂肪酸。

藉此, 加拿大蒙特利尔老年中心的Sylvie Belleville等人,在749名参与者中,提供的剂量(参加的课程数量)与全局认知、记忆和流畅性进行了模拟。评估了年龄、性别、教育、痴呆评分(CAIDE)、虚弱评分和脂蛋白E(APOE)ε4状态的交互效应。

他们发现:干预的剂量-反应模型是非线性函数,表明在大约12至14个训练小时或15至20次多领域训练中受益,然后是一个平稳期。

受益于较高剂量的参与者包括女性、年轻的参与者、体弱的人以及教育程度较低或痴呆风险较低的人。

该研究表明:非线性函数表明,在多领域干预中,较高的剂量不一定更好。最佳剂量约为潜在可用疗程的一半。


原文出处:
[Belleville S, Cloutier S, Mellah S, et al. Is more always better? Dose effect in a multidomain intervention in older adults at risk of dementia. Alzheimer’s & Dementia. Published online January 20, 2022:alz.12544. doi:10.1002/alz.12544](https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.12544)

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    2022-12-22 anminleiryan
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    2022-02-08 neuro.Dr

    老年性痴呆,未来还是希望借助神经电生理吧,也许更为有效!

    0

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痴呆风险升高51%!北大&协和医学院团队研究:高血脂的人要注意

近日,Journal of the American Medical Directors Association发表一项纵向队列研究,表明确诊高脂血症的年龄越小,后续发生痴呆的风险就越高。

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