静脉输液穿刺**手背?错!

2017-04-06 董明芬 宁波市鄞州人民医院 华医网

临床上,你会如何选择输液穿刺部位呢?

传统的观念认为,静脉输液其穿刺部位宜选择手背、前臂静脉,成年人不建议在下肢穿刺输液。长期静脉输液、老年、儿童、消瘦、血管条件差的患者,需有计划地选择和保护大血管,使长期输液受损的血管得以恢复,遵循“由小到大、由远心端到近心端”的使用原则,使得穿刺范围更加广泛。

那么,临床上你又是如何选择静脉输液部位的呢?

静脉穿刺,为你焦虑为你狂

近日,笔者在朋友圈看到一位护理同行拍的静脉输液图片。从图中可知,估计该患者这一周就用这两根手指静脉在输液。经了解,该患者是一个胆管癌的老病号,已经住院十几次了,也难怪同行“为你焦虑为你狂”。

凡是选择在手指静脉穿刺的一定是无奈之选,笔者非常敬佩这位同行的静脉穿刺技术,真是高手在民间啊!

无独有偶,笔者近期在护理查房时也看到外科病区一患者在拇指静脉输液,经了解这样高难度的穿刺也是高手才能搞定。

类似的情况在临床上并不少见,上图中,该患者手背上的静脉留置针还是两路微泵给药维持着。

静脉输液,首选手背还是选前臂?

那么问题来了,静脉输液,该如何选择穿刺部位呢?假如你还是按照传统的原则选择穿刺部位和静脉的话,你就错了!最新的《2016版输液治疗实践标准》推荐的静脉输液穿刺部位是:首选前臂。

因此,如果前臂有可选择的留置血管,宜首选前臂而不是手背。所以,我们真的需要改变一下老的观念了。

来比较一下2011版与2016版的标准有什么区别:

选钢针还是中心静脉?

虽然“钢针零容忍”的理念已经提倡多年,但由于种种原因要全面推广还有一定难度。我们来看最新的输液治疗实践标准:

1、选择血管与输液工具的基本原则是:根据病人的病情、疗程长短、输液的速度、药物的特性等选择不同的血管及不同的穿刺工具。

2、制定血管通路装置计划需考虑:输注液体的特性,可用的穿刺部位,对外周静脉血管的保护。

备注:渗透压大于900mOsm/L不可使用外周静脉(INS 2016)。

因此,就像本文中该胆管癌患者,如果能选择PICC或者CVC作为输液途径也许更为合理。

成人输液,为什么不宜选下肢?

不管是传统的理念,还是最新的标准,都不推荐成人患者选择下肢静脉进行输液,其原因有:

由于重力作用以及下肢处于远心端的影响,下肢的静脉循环不如上肢,下肢输液药物能通过心脏泵血达到全身各处起效的时间慢于上肢输液。

由于老年人体质弱、大手术后等需长时间卧床的患者,下肢静脉的血液循环差,加之手术会造成失水、失血,血液变稠、血流缓慢,因而容易形成下肢静脉血栓

如果输液针扎在下肢,病人下肢的活动会受到限制,这样就会造成其下肢静脉的血液循环更差,更容易发生下肢静脉血栓,如果静脉中的血栓脱落,栓子一旦栓塞在肺、脑、肾等部位,还会引起严重后果。

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    2017-08-25 fusion
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1697439, encodeId=094a169e43904, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f2399910109' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#静脉#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99101, encryptionId=f2399910109, topicName=静脉)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0bc129907796, createdName=fusion, createdTime=Fri Aug 25 15:34:00 CST 2017, time=2017-08-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=207087, encodeId=fb8a20e0878f, content=说得有道理,输液部位的选择很重要。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo4aQ9o3mwLf8g71RU8wyNNNCPdJSZhENIsqBjKUicL8BJXLqL2NMl0MlhjIRlv5Bpg0M3UZKuDlwhwLH8B3v2yNy/0, createdBy=11a82069421, createdName=136****3321, createdTime=Tue Jun 06 06:35:51 CST 2017, time=2017-06-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=189710, encodeId=6d7d189e1005, content=要不断的提高自己的技术人病人相信我们。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6lR0HdZibhWZ8X1yLOVj8WPicl2Fu38UJyue9g5yUbZYs8LBhr8juq58bkLYbZ7ic8fmlEUHXgAic73qLqVNnkXwrj/0, createdBy=8ebc2052195, createdName=大家, createdTime=Sat Apr 22 22:45:56 CST 2017, time=2017-04-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1311886, encodeId=4d20131188636, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=21a6e54280e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#穿刺#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=75428, encryptionId=21a6e54280e, topicName=穿刺)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8b48400, createdName=rgjl, createdTime=Sat Apr 08 10:34:00 CST 2017, time=2017-04-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1436945, encodeId=e9661436945f4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=43ad9919867' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#静脉输液#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99198, encryptionId=43ad9919867, topicName=静脉输液)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/aLGWoFXAyMbIu3qymFOyheQLjPSX3OUs5GmkyBlcCOwTPIeq3why9NGibxxUqYo6hcx8qZLHZFgNPnBK1yzWeOFpyg2OnWOt0/0, createdBy=fa4716, createdName=zhouqu_8, createdTime=Sat Apr 08 10:34:00 CST 2017, time=2017-04-08, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-06-06 136****3321

    说得有道理,输液部位的选择很重要。

    0

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    2017-04-22 大家

    要不断的提高自己的技术人病人相信我们。

    0

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    2017-04-08 rgjl
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